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Line 1: − + + − Although he was a member of the inner circle of the "establishment," he opposed every president from Theodore Roosevelt to Richard Nixon. [[File:Lippman-Time.jpg|thumb|290px|''Time'' magazine Mar. 30, 1931[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,741342,00.html read the cover story]]]+ + +
added detail on Lippmann's socialism
'''Walter Lippmann'''<ref> His name is often misspelled with only one 'N'--as for example the ''Time'' cover shown here.</ref> (1889 - 1974), was an American journalist and commentator. Starting as a socialist he moved steadily to the right throughout his career, and was a conservative critic of the [[New Deal]]. He was the most influential journalist in America from the 1920s to the 1960s because of his analytic brilliance in putting today's news in deep perspective, his forceful writing style, his connections with major politicians, and - despite his changing views - his conservatism and belief in using the balance of power as a means for maintaining peace. The subtext in his analysis of daily events was the "public philosophy" that he felt ought to undergird American politics, By 1937 with his ''The Good Society'', the public philosophy he promoted was one of balance, restraint and personal freedom in the cause of conservatism.
'''Walter Lippmann'''<ref> His name is often misspelled with only one 'N'--as for example the ''Time'' cover shown here.</ref> (1889 - 1974), was an influential<ref>Lippmann is widely regarded as “the most influential journalist in American history.” Jacqueline Foertsch, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mao9DJoAlhAC American Culture in the 1940s]'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2008) ISBN 0748624139, p. 56</ref> American journalist and commentator.
Lippmann was a prominent [[socialist]] from his youth, becoming president of the [[Harvard University|Harvard]] Socialist Club and a member of the Executive Committee of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. He graduated from Harvard in 1910, but took his socialism with him into his journalism, joining the Socialist Party and the Socialist Press Club.<ref>"Joined the Harvard Socialist Club and later became president... Elected to Executive Committee, [http://books.google.com/books?id=2v9aAAAAMAAJ Intercollegiate Socialist Society]... Joined [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf the Socialist Party], New York County, and the Socialist Press Club of New York City." (2003) Twentieth-Century American Politics and Diplomacy, [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf Series 1, The Walter Lippmann Papers, Part 4: Early Papers, 1904-1920] (Manuscript and Archives Division, Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut), pp. 8-9</ref> More than 20 years later, with the election of President [[Franklin Roosevelt]], Lippmann apparently lost faith in the [[Constitution]], telling FDR, "The situation is critical, Franklin. You may have no alternative but to assume dictatorial powers";<ref>Thomas Griffith, “[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924464,00.html NEWSWATCH: Comrade of the Powerful],” ''Time'', September 15, 1980</ref> in his column, Lippmann added that the use of "'dictatorial powers,' if that is the name for it—is essential."<ref>Russell Baker, “[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22273 A Revolutionary President], ''The New York Review of Books'', Vol. 56, No. 2 (February 12, 2009)</ref>
Lippmann retained his socialist sympathies even in the midst of the [[Nazi-Soviet Pact]], when "WJL" [Walter J. Lippmann] wrote to "ECC" [Edward C. Carter]—head of the [[Attorney General's list|Communist-front]] "[[American Russian Institute]]" and [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] ("a vehicle used by the Communists to orientate American far eastern policies toward Communist objectives," according to a unanimous report of the bipartisan [[Senate Judiciary Committee]])<ref>[http://ia700309.us.archive.org/31/items/instituteofpacif1952unit/instituteofpacif1952unit_bw.pdf S. Rpt. 2050, 82d Cong., 2d sess., Serial 11574], Report of the Committee on the Judiciary Pursuant to S. Res. 366, 1952, p. 225 (PDF p. 233)</ref>—urging "cooperation with the European revolutionaries and the Soviet Union in their attempt to build a socialist Europe as a nucleus for a world socialist order, with the obvious corollary of the establishment of socialism in this country."<ref>Walter Lippmann to Edward C. Carter, June 10, 1940, p. 5 (PDF p. 100), FBI file: [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/IPR54.11.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 54, Part 11], pp. 96-101</ref>
Until 1943, Lippmann's secretary was [[Mary Price]], a [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1943/8jun_dir_courier.pdf Soviet agent].<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/29apr_recruits.pdf 588 New York to Moscow, 29 April 1944]; cf. [http://ia700308.us.archive.org/16/items/instituteofpacif02unit/instituteofpacif02unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations Hearings, Part 2], Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 82d Cong., 1st Sess. (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1951), p. 406 (PDF p. 62); [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 439 and [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 99</ref> Lippmann himself was a Soviet intelligence source as late as 1944.<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/9sep_lippman_views_churchill_roosevelt.pdf 1289 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944]</ref> According to Eric Alterman, a [http://www.thenation.com/directory/bios/eric_alterman columnist] and [http://www.thenation.com/blogs/altercation blogger] for ''The Nation'', Lippmann "offered much more [http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=stone_cold_untruths useful information to the Soviets] than [[I.F. Stone|[I.F.] Stone]] ever did."
[[File:Lippman-Time.jpg|thumb|290px|''Time'' magazine Mar. 30, 1931[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,741342,00.html read the cover story]]]
==Career==
==Career==