Changes

Another disciple of Socrates, Antisthenes, founded "Cynicism", a philosophy which, not surprisingly in light of its name, focuses on the negative aspects of life.  The cynics believed the cares and pleasures of the natural world were small, and they rejected materialism.  Only the pursuit of virtue could bring happiness.  They believed no divine force existed, and that only through extreme self-discipline could virtue and simplicity be attained and happiness found.  Diogenes was the most famous "Cynic".   

Another disciple of Socrates, Antisthenes, founded "Cynicism", a philosophy which, not surprisingly in light of its name, focuses on the negative aspects of life.  The cynics believed the cares and pleasures of the natural world were small, and they rejected materialism.  Only the pursuit of virtue could bring happiness.  They believed no divine force existed, and that only through extreme self-discipline could virtue and simplicity be attained and happiness found.  Diogenes was the most famous "Cynic".   

Ancient Greece produced two great historians, Herodotus (pronounced hi-rah-duh-tus) (484-425 B.C.) and Thucydides (thew-ci-dah-deez) (d. 401 B.C.), who emphasized the importance of history.  Herodotus' History described the Persian Wars.  Because he was the first to collect historical materials systematically, check their accuracy and present them in a logical manner with a vivid narrative, Herodutus is considered the "Father of History."  Thucydides wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War, which was the first full work of historical analysis.  Thucydides blamed Athens' loss on its failed expedition to Sicily, which wasted resources and hurt morale.  He declared Athens' loss to be deserved because of this mistake.  A third historian was Xenephon (427-355 B.C.), a disciple of Socrates.  Although not comparable in achievement to Thucydides and Herodotus, Xenephon was the primary historian of the last days of Greece's freedom and picked up from where Thucydides left off (411 B.C.) in his detailed historical account, "Hellenica".

Ancient Greece produced two great historians, Herodotus (pronounced hi-rah-duh-tus) (484-425 B.C.) and Thucydides (thew-ci-dah-deez) (d. 401 B.C.), who emphasized the importance of history.  Herodotus' History described the Persian Wars.  Because he was the first to collect historical materials systematically, check their accuracy and present them in a logical manner with a vivid narrative, Herodutus is considered the "Father of History."  Thucydides also wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War, which was the first full work of historical analysis.  Thucydides blamed Athens' loss on its failed expedition to Sicily, which wasted resources and hurt morale.  He declared Athens' loss to be deserved because of this mistake.  A third historian was Xenephon (427-355 B.C.), a disciple of Socrates.  Although not comparable in achievement to Thucydides and Herodotus, Xenephon was the primary historian of the last days of Greece's freedom, and he picked up from where Thucydides left off (411 B.C.) in his detailed historical account, "Hellenica".

Ancient Greece contributed enormously to medicine.  The father of medicine was Hippocrates (460–377 B.C.), although some claim that medicine started even earlier in ancient India.  Hippocrates issued the "Hippocratic Oath" that has been required of medical students around the world as a condition of graduation.  It originally stated in part:  "I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous.  I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counsel; and in like manner I will not give to a woman a pessary to produce [[abortion]]."  People who profit from abortion today refuse to obey the Oath, and most medical schools have quietly omitted this key part of the oath.

Ancient Greece contributed enormously to medicine.  The father of medicine was Hippocrates (460–377 B.C.), although some claim that medicine started even earlier in ancient India.  Hippocrates issued the "Hippocratic Oath" that has been required of medical students around the world as a condition of graduation.  It originally stated in part:  "I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous.  I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counsel; and in like manner I will not give to a woman a pessary to produce [[abortion]]."  People who profit from abortion today refuse to obey the Oath, and most medical schools have quietly omitted this key part of the oath.