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An '''electron''' is one of the fundamental subatomic particles, which exists with a negative electrical charge and mass which is much smaller than that of protons or neutrons. It is a [[lepton]] with a rest mass of <math>9.109*10^{-31}</math>kg and carries a [[charge]] of <math>-1.602*10^{-19}</math> C, which is the smallest possible amount of charge a particle can carry.  Therefore, the charge on an electron ''e'' is used as the fundamental quantum of charge in much of [[physics]]. An electron has a spin of 1/2 and obeys Fermi-Dirac Statistics.<ref>Gribbin: ''Q is for Quantum''</ref> Electron pairs within an orbital system have opposite spins due to the [[Pauli Exclusion Principle]]; this characteristic spin pairing allows electrons to exist in the same quantum orbital, as the opposing magnetic dipole moments induced by each of the electrons ensures that they are attracted together.   

An '''electron''' is one of the fundamental subatomic particles, which exists with a negative electrical charge and mass which is much smaller than that of protons or neutrons. It is a [[lepton]] with a rest mass of <math>9.109*10^{-31}</math>kg and carries a [[charge]] of <math>-1.602*10^{-19}</math> C, which is the smallest possible amount of charge a particle can carry.  Therefore, the charge on an electron ''e'' is used as the fundamental quantum of charge in much of [[physics]]. An electron has a spin of 1/2 and obeys Fermi-Dirac Statistics.<ref>Gribbin: ''Q is for Quantum''</ref> Electron pairs within an orbital system have opposite spins due to the [[Pauli exclusion principle]]; this characteristic spin pairing allows electrons to exist in the same quantum orbital, as the opposing magnetic dipole moments induced by each of the electrons ensures that they are attracted together.   

==References==

==References==