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Line 112: − + − Basics of its gravitation have been explained in part 1 of this essay. Now, knowing how the ''apparent gravitational force'' has been generated let's look at the whole universe controlled by this apparent force.+ − First easy to notice feature is that in EU the universe has been always approximately the same. It has been never changing, beyond trivial movements of celestial bodies. The EU is described by the [[Perfect cosmological principle]]. + − The theory is called ''"Einsteinian"'' since it's Einsteinian type theory, except a bit deeper since it includes elements that Einstein didn't know about or didn't care. For this reason there are also a few flaws which had to be dealt with and removed (as e.g. [[cosmological constant]]). The new elements and recognition of flaws showed up after 1985 when it turned out that the universe is not expanding (as it was obviosly neither expanding when Newton tried to describe it Without yet knowing though about the [[curvature of space]]. Yet almost purely Newtonian solution, with accuracy to + − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + − where <math>E</math> is energy contained in any mass <math>m</math> and <math>c</math> is speed of light in vacuum, comes out with [[Einstein's radius of universe]]! + − Which means that Einstein must have been doing something right assuming the [[perfect cosmological principle]] already in 1917. And so the EU may be also "right" as far as we know+ + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 133:
Line 158: − + − − :<math>dH/dt=-H_o^2/2</math>, − − where <math>dH/dt</math> is a change of [[Hubble constant]] with distance from observer <math>r</math> converted to time <math>t</math> through <math>r=ct</math>, <math>H_o</math> is [[Hubble constant|Hubble "constant"]] near the Earth (at <math>t=0</math>). Line 158:
Line 179: − − ===Einstein's universe=== − − Einstein's universe is Einstein's stationary (or "static" as some cosmologists call it) model universe of 1917 that was Einstein's guess very close to the contemporary picture of universe. It has common with the present model proved only in 1985 and therefore unknown to Einstein the lack of expansion. − − To keep Einstein's field equation of this stationary model stable, and not knowing yet about the ''"[[Hubble time dilation]]"'', discovered by Edwin Hubble over a decade later, and suggesting to some cosmologists that the universe might be expanding, Einstein added his ''"cosmological constant"'' to his field equation that stopped the alleged expansion of his model universe. Later he called this cosmological constant ''"the biggest blunder of his life"''. − − When the ''"cosmological constant"'' turned out to be unnecessary, since it turned out that the Hubble redshift is not caused by expansion of the universe but by the time runing slower at the deep space galaxies in curved space, which according to EU simulates accelerating expansion of space with − − :<math>dH/dt=-H_o^2/2</math> − − as observed in 1998 by the Supernova Cosmology Project team of astronomers and therefore predicted by EU over 80 years earlier. − − The agreement of value of alleged acceleration of space with the results of observations of Supernova Cosmology Project within one standard deviation showed that the expansion of universe is an illusion but the news has been never published yet (in 2011) and is not likely to be published soon (except in conservapedia). − − Publishing of such a news would destroy the credibility of estblishment cosmologists and their openly false hypothesis of evolution of universe called the [[Big Bang]] hypothesis. − − Around 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered cosmological redshift that [[relativists]] started to consider a sign that the universe is expanding. Then Einstein gave up working on his stationary universe, left his cosmological constant as it was. Told his secretary not to let in anyone who wants to talk to him about the universe. − <ref> − − Story told to the author by Roy J. Glauber who was at the time Einstein's assistant in Princeton University in N.J. and later, for one year, author's physics teacher at Harvard, Cambridge, MA. − − </ref> − − The [[relativists]] were not able to remove cosmological constant since it might have ruined their [[Big Bang]] hypothesis while it would become obvious that the universe is not expanding named it "[[dark energy]]" creating this way new mystery for themselves to solve (at the taxpayers expense) and so the "[[dark energy]]" remains a mystery since the establishment scientific journals still resist to publish truth about the universe (that it operates according to Einstein's plan and that the Einsteinian gravitation, does not allow the expansion of universe, does not allow the Big Bang as a way of creation of the universe. It sugests that the universe is stationary with Newtonian arguments based on relativity of time, which any intelligent high school student should easily comprehend and repeat the Newtonian physics conteined in the following sections. Line 300:
Line 296: − + − +
Essay:Demystified gravitation (view source)
Revision as of 23:03, September 30, 2011
, 23:03, September 30, 2011shortening
===Introduction to Einsteinian universe===
===Introduction to Einsteinian universe===
The Einsteinian universe (EU), is a theory of universe from which the "expansion of univrese" got eliminated through the calculation of [[intrinsic redshift]], that showed that the alleged expansion is a relativistic illusion due to the curvature of space.
The Einsteinian universe (EU), is a theory of universe from which the "expansion of univrese" was eliminated through the calculation of [[intrinsic redshift]], that showed that the alleged expansion is a relativistic illusion due to the curvature of space.
The EU is almost the same as Einstein's stationary model universe of 1917 that was Einstein's guess, very close to the present EU model of universe. It has common with the present model the proved only in 1985, and therefore unknown to Einstein, the lack of expansion, that in original Einstein's model has been acheived via [[cosmological constant]].
To keep Einstein's field equation of this stationary model stable, and not knowing yet about the ''"[[Hubble time dilation]]"'', discovered by Edwin Hubble over a decade later, and suggesting to some astronomers that the universe might be expanding, Einstein added his ''"cosmological constant"'' to his field equation that stopped the alleged expansion. Later he called this cosmological constant ''"the biggest blunder of his life"''.
When the ''"cosmological constant"'' turned out to be unnecessary, since it turned out that the Hubble redshift is not caused by expansion of the universe but by the time runing slower at the deep space galaxies in curved space, which in EU simulates accelerating expansion of space with acceleration
:<math>E=mc^2</math>,
:<math>dH/dt=-H_o^2/2</math>
as observed in 1998 by the Supernova Cosmology Project team of astronomers and therefore predicted by EU over 80 years earlier.
The agreement of value of alleged acceleration of space with the results of observations of Supernova Cosmology Project within one standard deviation showed that the expansion of universe is really an illusion but the news has been never published yet and is not likely to be published soon (except in conservapedia).
Publishing of such a news would destroy the credibility of estblishment cosmologists and their openly false hypothesis of creation and evolution of universe called the [[Big Bang]] hypothesis.
Around 1929 Edwin Hubble discovered cosmological redshift that [[relativists]] started to consider a sign that the universe is expanding. Then Einstein gave up working on his stationary universe, and left his cosmological constant as it was. He also told his secretary not to let in anyone who wants to talk to him about the universe.
<ref>
Story told to the author by Roy J. Glauber who was at the time Einstein's assistant in Princeton University in N.J. and later, for one year, author's physics teacher at Harvard, Cambridge, MA.
</ref>
The [[relativists]] were not able to remove cosmological constant since it might have ruined their [[Big Bang]] hypothesis and named it "[[dark energy]]" creating this way new mystery for themselves to solve (at the taxpayers expense) and so the "[[dark energy]]" remains a mystery ever since.
The establishment scientific journals still resist the publication of the truth about the universe (that it operates according to Einstein's plan and that the Einsteinian gravitation, does not allow the expansion of universe, does not allow the [[Big Bang]] as a way of creation of the universe).
Einteinian gravitation sugests that the universe is stationary with Newtonian arguments based on relativity of time, which any intelligent high school student should easily comprehend and repeat the Newtonian physics contained in the following sections.
First easy to notice feature of EU is that the universe has been always approximately the same. It has been never changing, beyond trivial movements of celestial bodies. The EU is therefore described by the [[Perfect cosmological principle]].
The theory is called ''"Einsteinian"'' since it's Einsteinian type theory, except a bit deeper since it includes elements that Einstein didn't know about or didn't care. For this reason there are also a few flaws which had to be dealt with and removed (as e.g. the mantioned [[cosmological constant]]). The new elements and recognition of flaws showed up after 1985 when it turned out that the universe is not expanding since its [[intrinsic redshift]] turned to be represented by [[Hubble constant]] equal
:<math>H_o=c/R_E</math>,
where <math>c</math> is speed of light in vacuum and <math>R_E</math> is [[Einstein's radius of universe]], which means that derivation may be right if the Newtonian calculations come out with [[Einstein's radius of universe]]!
It also means that Einstein must have been doing something right assuming the [[perfect cosmological principle]] already in 1917. And so the EU may be also "right" as far as we know
<ref>
<ref>
The EU is explaning how the relativity of time and space (notions of non existence of absolute time and absolute space) are working in stationary, neither expanding nor contracting, eternal universe that has neither the beginning nor the end.
The EU is explaning how the relativity of time and space (notions of non existence of absolute time and absolute space) are working in stationary, neither expanding nor contracting, eternal universe that has neither the beginning nor the end.
The EU which except explaining the mechanism of gravitational force as ''inertial force'' pushing masses towards their most probable positions of minimum energy in which it reveals its quantum nature, explains also why due to relativity of time in curved space the universe ''looks as if it were expanding'', and expansion were accelerating with
The EU which except explaining the mechanism of gravitational force as ''inertial force'' pushing masses towards their most probable positions of minimum energy in which it reveals its quantum nature, explains also why due to relativity of time in curved space the universe ''looks as if it were expanding'', and expansion were accelerating with acceleration confirmed to one standard deviation by Supernova cosmology Project.
The EU explains why the value of [[Hubble constant|Hubble "constant"]] <math>H(t)</math>, which in reality is an exponential function, since the redshift is in reality an exponential function of distance (or time, since <math>r=ct</math>, distance <math>r</math> is the same as time <math>t</math> multiplied by speed of light), so the redshift
The EU explains why the value of [[Hubble constant|Hubble "constant"]] <math>H(t)</math>, which in reality is an exponential function, since the redshift is in reality an exponential function of distance (or time, since <math>r=ct</math>, distance <math>r</math> is the same as time <math>t</math> multiplied by speed of light), so the redshift
Therefore the EU explains most of numerical results that the [[Big Bang]] cosmology is unable to explain. EU is in fact an extension of Einstein's general realativity but it may not be used by this name because the [[relativists]] highjacked this name for their pseudo scientific hypothesis of the [[Big Bang]] which, when used, might have caused a confusion.
Therefore the EU explains most of numerical results that the [[Big Bang]] cosmology is unable to explain. EU is in fact an extension of Einstein's general realativity but it may not be used by this name because the [[relativists]] highjacked this name for their pseudo scientific hypothesis of the [[Big Bang]] which, when used, might have caused a confusion.
===Step by step derivation of cosmological redshift===
===Step by step derivation of cosmological redshift===
:So the "accelerating expansion of our universe" blamed on mysterious "dark energy" for which cosmologists look since 1998 is just the Taylor term of expansion series of Hubble constant which is no constant but exponential function as shown in steps 6 or 7 (first as Newtonian result and second as Einsteinian interpretation of this Newtonian result). Cosmologists also call it "cosmological constant" (the ''"biggest blunder of Einstein's life"'') which can be shown not to exist at all. It might be eliminated from Einstein's field equation in rather straight forward manner.
:So the "accelerating expansion of our universe" blamed on mysterious "dark energy" for which cosmologists look since 1998 is just the Taylor term of expansion series of Hubble constant which is no constant but exponential function as shown in steps 6 or 7 (first as Newtonian result and second as Einsteinian interpretation of this Newtonian result). Cosmologists also call it "cosmological constant" (the ''"biggest blunder of Einstein's life"'') which can be shown not to exist at all. It might be eliminated from Einstein's field equation in rather straight forward manner.
===Metric of Einstein's universe===
===Metric of universe===
Here is the metric of Einstein's universe with radial coordinate only (angular coordinates dropped for isotropy of the model):
Here is the metric of universe with radial coordinate only (angular coordinates dropped for isotropy of the model):
:<math>d\tau^2=exp(-2r/R_E)dt^2+2sinh(2r/R_E)dtdr/c-exp(2r/R_E)dr^2/c^2</math>,
:<math>d\tau^2=exp(-2r/R_E)dt^2+2sinh(2r/R_E)dtdr/c-exp(2r/R_E)dr^2/c^2</math>,