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World History Study Guide to 1648 (view source)
Revision as of 04:11, October 10, 2011
, 04:11, October 10, 2011→Basic terms: improved further
|2000 BC: father of Jewish people, made a covenant with God; Arabs claim descendance from Abraham's son Ishmael.
|2000 BC: father of Jewish people, made a covenant with God; Arabs claim descendance from Abraham's son Ishmael.
|-
|-
|[[Acropolis]]
|[[acropolis]]
|part of a Greek city-state that is built on a hilltop for easy defense. Example: where the democratic assembly met in Athens.
|part of a Greek city-state that is built on a hilltop for easy defense. Example: where the democratic assembly met in Athens.
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|-
|287–212 BC: Greek mathematician and engineer. Discovered Archimedes' Principle, invented "Archimedes' screw," and built defenses against the Romans for his city of Syracuse; killed by the Romans.
|287–212 BC: Greek mathematician and engineer. Discovered Archimedes' Principle, invented "Archimedes' screw," and built defenses against the Romans for his city of Syracuse; killed by the Romans.
|-
|-
|[[Archons]]
|[[archons]]
|Aristocratic officials elected by the Athenian government to make the laws; later overtook by tyrants who rose to power in the 600s BC
|Aristocratic officials elected by the Athenian government to make the laws; later overtook by tyrants who rose to power in the 600s BC
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|-
|384-322 BC: Greek [[philosopher]], student of [[Plato]] and tutor to Alexander the Great. Emphasized the value of experience, and founded the Lyceum (a school resembling a university with specimens and a library)
|384-322 BC: Greek [[philosopher]], student of [[Plato]] and tutor to Alexander the Great. Emphasized the value of experience, and founded the Lyceum (a school resembling a university with specimens and a library)
|-
|-
|[[Art of Warfare]]
|[[Art of War]]
|first military treatise; written by Sun Tzu and telling the insights of ancient Chinese culture
|first book on military strategy, written by Chinese philosopher Sun Tzu, having insights like "If ignorant both of your enemy and yourself, you are certain to be in peril."
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|-
|[[Assyrian Empire]]
|[[Assyrian Empire]]
|Small nations consisting of only a single city each, especially in ancient Greece. Examples included Sparta, Athens and Corinth. They fought each other, but also banned together to defeat the Persians when that great empire sought to absorb Greece.
|Small nations consisting of only a single city each, especially in ancient Greece. Examples included Sparta, Athens and Corinth. They fought each other, but also banned together to defeat the Persians when that great empire sought to absorb Greece.
|-
|-
|[[Civilization]]
|[[civilization]]
|A group of people who live in an area, if they have agriculture for food, money for trade, a government and laws, and an economy.
|must have towns, social and government institutions, record-keeping systems for property, and an agricultural surplus so not everyone is farming
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|-
|[[Classical Civilizations]]
|[[classical civilizations]]
|Ancient Mediterranean civilizations that were generally pre-Christian, such as Rome, Greece, and Egypt
|Ancient Mediterranean civilizations that were generally pre-Christian, such as Rome, Greece, and Egypt
|-
|-
|[[Classicism]]
|[[classicism]]
|Near the end of the Middle Ages, a Renaissance movement in the arts, looking back to ancient Rome and Greece for inspiration
|Near the end of the Middle Ages, a Renaissance movement in the arts, looking back to ancient Rome and Greece for inspiration
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|-
|A massive stadium in Rome that was used to hold gladiatorial contests, chariot racing and killing Christians and others for entertainment. Originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre.
|A massive stadium in Rome that was used to hold gladiatorial contests, chariot racing and killing Christians and others for entertainment. Originally known as the Flavian Amphitheatre.
|-
|-
|[[Comedy]]
|[[comedy]]
|In ancient Greece, a play with a happy ending. All classical plays were either a "comedy" or a "tragedy".
|In ancient Greece, a play with a happy ending. All classical plays were either a "comedy" or a "tragedy".
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|-
|The laws of religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism
|The laws of religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism
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|-
|[[Diaspora]]
|[[diaspora]]
|The migration or scattering of a people, especially the ancient Hebrews, away from their ancestral home.
|The migration or scattering of a people, especially the ancient Hebrews, away from their ancestral home.
|-
|-
| The Roman emperor who tried to save the empire of Rome by dividing it into eastern and western regions. He established the "tetrarchy" (rule by four), and ruled from A.D. 284 to 305.
| The Roman emperor who tried to save the empire of Rome by dividing it into eastern and western regions. He established the "tetrarchy" (rule by four), and ruled from A.D. 284 to 305.
|-
|-
|[[Direct Democracy]]
|[[direct democracy]]
|laws are made by votes of the citizens, rather than by elected officials. Athens of ancient Greece was the first direct democracy.
|laws are made by votes of the citizens, rather than by elected officials. Athens of ancient Greece was the first direct democracy.
|-
|-
|tribes that settled Greece, 1100-1000 B.C., having an oppressive military ruling class. The "Doric order" is the simplest form of Greek architecture, consisting of a straight column without any artistic trim at the top.
|tribes that settled Greece, 1100-1000 B.C., having an oppressive military ruling class. The "Doric order" is the simplest form of Greek architecture, consisting of a straight column without any artistic trim at the top.
|-
|-
|[[Early agriculture]]
|[[early agriculture]]
|Crops such as grain being grown in places such as Egypt
|Crops such as grain being grown in places such as Egypt
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|-
|-
|-
|[[Hippocrates]]
|[[Hippocrates]]
|"The father of medicine" who developed the [[Hippocratic Oath]], an ethical code that all medical students traditionally repeated as a condition of graduation.
|"The father of medicine" in ancient Greece who developed the [[Hippocratic Oath]], an ethical code that all medical students traditionally repeated as a condition of graduation.
|-
|-
|[[Holy Roman Empire]]
|[[Holy Roman Empire]]
|A confederation of Asian tribes who fought against the Romans in what is now the Ukraine, Germany, France, Italy and the Balkans. They were considered by many Romans to be the most ferocious enemies
|A confederation of Asian tribes who fought against the Romans in what is now the Ukraine, Germany, France, Italy and the Balkans. They were considered by many Romans to be the most ferocious enemies
|-
|-
|[[Ideograms]]
|[[ideograms]]
|In primitive societies, a graphic symbol (rather than alphabetic words like these) representing a concept or an idea
|In primitive societies, a graphic symbol (rather than alphabetic words like these) representing a concept or an idea
|-
|-
|Eastern Roman Emperor from 527 to 565 who developed the Justinian Code, which is the basis of civil law in many places
|Eastern Roman Emperor from 527 to 565 who developed the Justinian Code, which is the basis of civil law in many places
|-
|-
|[[Karma]]
|[[karma]]
|In Hinduism, everything a person has done. This determines status in the next life, so a Hindu wants "good karma."
|In Hinduism, everything a person has done. This determines status in the next life, so a Hindu wants "good karma."
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|-
|-
|-
|[[Michelangelo]]
|[[Michelangelo]]
|A Renaissance painter and sculptor, known for his paintings on the Sistine Chapel ceiling, among other masterpieces. The archetypal Renaissance man.
|(AD 1475-1564) A Renaissance man known for his paintings on the Sistine Chapel ceiling and his sculptures of David and the Pieta (Mary holding Jesus after Crucifixion).
|-
|-
|[[Middle Ages]]
|[[Middle Ages]]
|A period of time, also called the Medieval Ages, spanning from approximately 500 AD to 1500 AD, where kingdoms were ruled by the system of [[feudalism]]
|A period of time, also called the Medieval Ages, spanning from approximately AD 500-1500, where kingdoms were ruled by the system of [[feudalism]]
|-
|-
|Mongol empire
|Mongol empire
|[[Paper]]
|[[Paper]]
|The Chinese made paper in A.D. 100 They would dip a bamboo screen into a mixture of bark, rags and plants. Then they would let only a |thin layer of pulp dry on the bamboo screen.
|The Chinese made paper in A.D. 100 They would dip a bamboo screen into a mixture of bark, rags and plants. Then they would let only a |thin layer of pulp dry on the bamboo screen.
|-
|[[patricians]]
|The upper class of the Roman Republic. Consisted of wealthy landowners; took up only 10% of the society.
|-
|-
|[[Paul]]
|[[Paul]]
|an energetic evangelist for early Christianity, who wrote many letters now in the New Testament of the Bible
|an energetic evangelist for early Christianity, who wrote many letters now in the New Testament of the Bible
|-
|-
|[[Pax Romana]]
|[[Pax Romana]]
|-
|-
|[[Roman citizenship]]
|[[Roman citizenship]]
|a special status attained by living in Rome, being birthed to a Roman citizens, or earning the condition by enlisting in the army for 25 years.
|a special status attained by living in Rome, being birthed to a Roman citizens, or earned by enlisting in the army for 25 years.
|-
|-
|[[Roman empire]]
|[[Roman empire]]
|Buddhism traveled outside of India along the Silk Road
|Buddhism traveled outside of India along the Silk Road
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|-
|[[Stirrup]]
|[[stirrup]]
|The stirrup was invented in China in 322 B.C. The stirrup greatly helped riders control their horses more and gave advantage in battle.
|a metal frame for each foot when riding a horse; invented in China in 322 BC and used to great advantage by the Huns in battle, because they make it easier to control the horse and shoot arrows with accuracy
|-
|-
|[[St. Augustine]]
|[[St. Augustine]]
|[[Sumerians]]
|[[Sumerians]]
|The earliest civilizations living in the Middle East; invented many things including the first known form of writing
|The earliest civilizations living in the Middle East; invented many things including the first known form of writing
|-
|-
|[[Taijitu]]
|[[Taijitu]]
|Also called "Yin and Yang", this is the symbol for Taoism. It represents a constant interaction and harmony in nature between two forces having opposite qualities.
|Also called "Yin and Yang," this is the symbol for Taoism. It represents a constant interaction and harmony in nature between two forces having opposite qualities.
|-
|-
|[[Taoism (Daoism)]]
|[[Taoism (Daoism)]]
|Chinese philosophy of seeking harmony with nature
|Chinese philosophy of seeking harmony with nature by recognizing two forces opposed to each other
|-
|-
|[[Ten Commandments]]
|[[Ten Commandments]]
|The Jewish name for the five books of Moses, meaning Law. The first five books of the modern Bible.
|The Jewish name for the five books of Moses, meaning Law. The first five books of the modern Bible.
|-
|-
|[[Tragedy]]
|[[tragedy]]
|A type of drama and/or poetic saga that was common in Ancient Greece. It normally followed the fall of a character, often because of a specific character flaw such as envy or greed.
|A type of drama and/or poetic saga that was common in Ancient Greece. It normally followed the fall of a character, often because of a specific character flaw such as envy or greed.
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|-
|War period in China also known for the philosophical schools that flourished
|War period in China also known for the philosophical schools that flourished
|-
|-
|[[Wheel]]
|[[wheel]]
|The ancient Mesopotamia invention, originally in the form of a potter’s wheel. This is considered the first and greatest of man's inventions.
|The ancient Mesopotamia invention, originally in the form of a potter’s wheel. This is considered the first and greatest of man's inventions.
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|-