Changes

Isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol also works as a contact killer, as do most insecticides while others also provide some degree of residual effectiveness. Insecticides are classified according to their application method: Crease and Crevice, Indoor Surface, Indoor Space, and Fumigation. An additional factor is whether an insecticide repels bed bugs (causing migration if not killed), or not.

Isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol also works as a contact killer, as do most insecticides while others also provide some degree of residual effectiveness. Insecticides are classified according to their application method: Crease and Crevice, Indoor Surface, Indoor Space, and Fumigation. An additional factor is whether an insecticide repels bed bugs (causing migration if not killed), or not.

A supplementary type of insecticide are Insect Growth Regulators (IGR’s), such as hydroprene (''Gentrol'') and methoprene, which do not actually kill bed bugs, but instead work to prevent reproduction by disrupting the development of immature bed bugs, resulting in being unable to reproduce. This process takes longer but it can ensure an eventual end of the infestation, if contact with all bed bugs is made, but usually this chemical is used in conjunction with other insecticides.<ref>http://www.bed-bug.org/insectisides-for-bed-bugs/</ref><ref>http://www.zoecon.com/pdfs/GentrolBedBug.pdf</ref>  

A supplementary type of insecticide is that of Insect Growth Regulators (IGR’s), such as hydroprene (''Gentrol'') and methoprene, which do not actually kill bed bugs, but instead are said to work to prevent reproduction by disrupting the development of immature bed bugs, resulting in bed bugs being unable to reproduce. This process takes longer but it can ensure an eventual end of the infestation, if contact with all bed bugs is made, but usually this chemical is used in conjunction with other insecticides.<ref>http://www.bed-bug.org/insectisides-for-bed-bugs/</ref><ref>http://www.zoecon.com/pdfs/GentrolBedBug.pdf</ref>  

The carbamates chlorfenapyr  (marketed as ''Phantom'') is a  relatively new non-pyrethrin material, which has overall greater long term effectiveness than pyrethrins,<ref>http://newyorkvsbedbugs.org/2010/08/12/the-workmanlike-chlorfenapyr</ref> with bed bug resistance being only a recent development.<ref>http://web.extension.illinois.edu/ipr/i6046_829.html#2</ref> Chlorfenapyr is a non-repellent, slower but virulent long-lasting residual killer.<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2002/abstract;jsessionid=0C9A4DABF17CB4DD010C0F263C46D8F3.d01t02  Alvaro Romero, Michael F Potter, Kenneth F Haynes, ''Evaluation of chlorfenapyr for control of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius L''], Pest Management, Science</ref>  

The carbamate chlorfenapyr  (marketed as ''Phantom'') is a  relatively new non-pyrethrin material, which has overall greater long term effectiveness than pyrethrins,<ref>http://newyorkvsbedbugs.org/2010/08/12/the-workmanlike-chlorfenapyr</ref> with bed bug resistance being only a recent development.<ref>http://web.extension.illinois.edu/ipr/i6046_829.html#2</ref> Chlorfenapyr is a non-repellent, slower but virulent long-lasting residual killer.<ref>[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ps.2002/abstract;jsessionid=0C9A4DABF17CB4DD010C0F263C46D8F3.d01t02  Alvaro Romero, Michael F Potter, Kenneth F Haynes, ''Evaluation of chlorfenapyr for control of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius L''], Pest Management, Science</ref>  

Chlorfenapyr is part of a new class of chemicals called ''pyrroles'', which are technically pro-insecticide, meaning  the biological activity depends on its activation to another chemical, in the case of bed bugs leads to lethargy and death. However, Phantom is not legal for sale to consumers in AK, CT, NY, MA, SC, and "is intended for use by individuals/ firms licensed or registered by the state to apply termiticide and general pest control products as a spot or crack and crevice spray"<ref>http://store.parsonspestcontrol.com/msds/Phantom_Label.pdf</ref> <ref>http://www.domyownpestcontrol.com/phantom-termiticideinsecticide-p-209.html</ref> And as it may require ten or more days to kill the bugs, during which the insect may still be active and females may wander and deposit viable eggs in other locations.  

Chlorfenapyr is part of a new class of chemicals called ''pyrroles'', which are technically pro-insecticide, meaning  the biological activity depends on its activation to another chemical, in the case of bed bugs leads to lethargy and death. However, Phantom is not legal for sale to consumers in AK, CT, NY, MA, SC, and "is intended for use by individuals/ firms licensed or registered by the state to apply termiticide and general pest control products as a spot or crack and crevice spray"<ref>http://store.parsonspestcontrol.com/msds/Phantom_Label.pdf</ref> <ref>http://www.domyownpestcontrol.com/phantom-termiticideinsecticide-p-209.html</ref> And as it may require ten or more days to kill the bugs, during which the insect may still be active and females may wander and deposit viable eggs in other locations.