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|A conspirator against the English throne who belonged to a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

|A conspirator against the English throne who belonged to a group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

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|[[Utilitarianism]]

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|Previously proposed by Jeremy Bentham and advocated by John Stuart Mill (1806-1873), states that government should do whatever may be necessary to maximize overall “utility”, or the benefits without the costs

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|[[John Stuart Mill]]

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|(1806-1873) British philosopher and last of the English classical economists; proponent of utilitarianism and also advocated the development of labor unions and farm cooperatives, as well as emancipation by women

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|[[Nationalism]]

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|Political ideology of loyalty to one’s nation as the utmost importance that started around the same time as Romanticism

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|[[Realpolitik]]

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|Concept invented by Otto von Bismarck that emphasized practical politics rather than philosophy

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|[[Laissez-faire]]

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|Approach in economics in which transactions between private parties are free from state and government intervention

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