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| | |[[John Locke]] | | |[[John Locke]] |
| − | |(1632-1704) Famous English enlightenment philosopher. Created idea of Government's Social Contract. Created idea of "Social Contract" that prompted protestant rebellion in England and American Revolution. | + | |(1632-1704) English philosopher during the Enlightenment who created the idea of a "social contract" between the people and their government, which became the philosophical basis of rebellion in England and American Revolution when the people felt that government had broken the contract |
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| | |[[Louisiana Purchase]] | | |[[Louisiana Purchase]] |
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| | |[[Maximilian Robespierre]] | | |[[Maximilian Robespierre]] |
| − | |1758-1794 French Jacobin who was most responsible for reign of terror. Influenced by Rousseau and unbendingly murdered moderates or any opponents, died in 1794. | + | |(1758-1794) a French Jacobin who was most responsible for reign of terror; under the influence of the work of Rousseau, Robespierre unbendingly murdered moderates and all opponents, and was eventually killed by the guillotine himself in 1794. |
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| | |French Revolution | | |French Revolution |
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| | |an economic system whereby a mother country (e.g., England) accumulates gold by exporting more goods than it imported, and by using her colonies (e.g., the America colonies) to ship it raw materials that could be manufactured and exported to other peoples | | |an economic system whereby a mother country (e.g., England) accumulates gold by exporting more goods than it imported, and by using her colonies (e.g., the America colonies) to ship it raw materials that could be manufactured and exported to other peoples |
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| − | |yyy | + | |William Blackstone |
| − | | | + | |(1723-1780) the leading legal authority on English law, upon which American law is based; wrote the book ''The Rights of Englishmen'', in which he described the source of the rights of the people |
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| − | |yyy | + | |Charles-Louis Baron de Montesquieu |
| − | | | + | |(1689-1755) a Frenchman who proposed the concept of separation of powers, and checks and balances, in government, which inspired key parts of the U.S. Constitutio; wrote a book, ''The Spirit of the Laws'', that explained essential aspects of good government |
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| − | |yyy | + | |Denis Diderot |
| − | | | + | |(1713-1784) a French writer during the Enlightenment who edited an encyclopedia of scientific and social knowledge known simply as ''Encyclopedia'' (in French: ''Encyclopédie'') |
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| − | |yyy | + | |Jean Jacques Rousseau |
| − | | | + | |(1712-1778) a Swiss-born political philosopher who criticized private property and laid the groundwork for future [[communist]] writers such as [[Karl Marx]]; Rousseau declared that government's goal should be to provide freedom, equality and justice, but this led to the French Revolution and hostility to churches |
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