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[[Logic]] ([[Greek]] λογίζω I reckon, I count, from λόγος a word) is a branch of [[philosophy]] that deals with and attempts to guide the faculty of human reason.

[[Logic]] ([[Greek language|Greek]] λογίζω I reckon, I count, from λόγος a word) is a branch of [[philosophy]] that deals with and attempts to guide the faculty of human reason.

[[Aristotle]] was the first to formalize the practice of reasoning.  In particular, Aristotle developed a formalization of the [[syllogism]] and the [[Square of Opposition]].  While [[Modus ponens]] and its complement [[Modus tollens]] were known to the Medievals, it is not clear when these central laws of deduction were first formalized.{{fact}}

[[Aristotle]] was the first to formalize the practice of reasoning.  In particular, Aristotle developed a formalization of the [[syllogism]] and the [[Square of Opposition]].  While [[Modus ponens]] and its complement [[Modus tollens]] were known to the Medievals, it is not clear when these central laws of deduction were first formalized.{{fact}}

Logic is also used extensively in [[theology]], and especially the study of the [[Bible]], which, due to its divine inspiration, is very logical.  

Logic is also used extensively in [[theology]], and especially the study of the [[Bible]], which, due to its divine inspiration, is very logical.  

Logic, and especially formal logic, inform the discipline of [[critical thinking]]--which, by no coincidence, takes its name from the [[Greek]] word for a judge. Indeed, judges and juries in courts of [[law]] must apply logic, both formal and informal, to arrive at their decisions. Formal logic will usually serve to state what obedience to a given body of law requires; informal logic must usually serve a trier of fact charged with deciding whether a given person was in obedience or in violation. The latter principle holds primarily because plaintiff and defendant in a court of law quite often ''do not'' agree on matters of fact.

Logic, and especially formal logic, inform the discipline of [[critical thinking]]--which, by no coincidence, takes its name from the Greek word for a judge. Indeed, judges and juries in courts of [[law]] must apply logic, both formal and informal, to arrive at their decisions. Formal logic will usually serve to state what obedience to a given body of law requires; informal logic must usually serve a trier of fact charged with deciding whether a given person was in obedience or in violation. The latter principle holds primarily because plaintiff and defendant in a court of law quite often ''do not'' agree on matters of fact.