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Mexican Painting (view source)

Revision as of 23:17, February 25, 2012

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[[Image:Pinacoteca de la Profesa.jpg|thumb|Pinacoteca de la Profesa, Mexico City.]]
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<blockquote>
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'''Mexican painting''' has gone through different representative moments with artists whose proposal doesn’t only focus on style and themes, but on leading ideologies that were taken to all aspects of their lives. [http://www.explorandomexico.com/about-mexico/5/5/]
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</blockquote>
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== Pre-Hispanic Era==
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[[Image:Dresden Codex public domain.jpg|thumb|120px|Maya Dresden Codex]]
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Painting is one of the most ancient arts in Mexico. It is said that the oldest paint in America was found in a cave in [[Baja California]]. [http://www.elmundo.es/2002/12/12/ciencia/1292233.html]
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[[Aztecs]] and Mayans, painted on the walls of their temples and tombs. In [[Maya|Mayan]] culture one may find interesting paintings in Bonampak frescoes. ''The civilizations of pre-Hispanic Mexico recorded their histories, religious beliefs, and scientific knowledge in books called "[[codices]]".'' [http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/object.cfm?key=35&gkey=100&objkey=5954]
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''A main function of Aztec Art was to express religious and mythical concepts to legitimize the power of the State. This artistic language spoke predominantly through the form of iconographic symbols and metaphors. For example, the image of the eagle symbolized the warrior and the sun at its zenith. Images of serpents were linked to the gods Tlaloc and Huitzilopochtli, and thus were represented as water or fire serpents, respectively.'' [http://www.famsi.org/research/aguilar/Aztec_Art_Part1.pdf]
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<br>
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[[Image:Bonampak frescos.jpg|thumb|left|Bonampak frescoes]]
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{{Clear}}
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== Colonial Era ==
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[[Image:Ayala La familia del Valle a los pies de la Virgen de Loreto.jpg|thumb|Virgen de Loreto by Josep Antonio de Ayala]]
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The [[Baroque]] style was developed also in [[New Spain]] in its Colonial era; although, it incorporated Indian decorative motifs. Religious paintings intended for churches and portraits of aristocrats were the current subject in this Colonial era. From the XVI to the XVIII Century, Mexican painting played an important didactic role; ''Because the colonists wanted to make a good impression, some of New Spain's finest artists were hired to paint casta cycles.'' [http://www.artnet.com/magazine_pre2000/features/ramirez/ramirez12-02-96.asp] [[Miguel Cabrera]] (1695 - 1768), [[Cristóbal de Villalpando]] (ca. 1649 - 1714) and [[Juan Correa]] (1646 - 1716) are the best-known painters of New Spain. [[Baltasar Echave Rioja]], [[Luis Juárez]], his son [[José Juárez]] and [[José de Ibarra]] are also remarkable painters.
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[[Caravaggio]] and specially [[Francisco de Zurbarán]] as ''Pintor del Rey'', had a lasting influence on this Colonial art.
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[[Image:Cabrera Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz.jpg|thumb|120px|left|[[Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz]] by Miguel Cabrera]]
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{{Clear}}
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== XIX and early XX Century ==
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[[Image:Velasco - Valley of Mexico.jpg|thumb|The Valley of Mexico by Velasco]]
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[[File:Cordero Doña Dolores Tosta de Santa Anna detalle.jpg|thumb|Doña Dolores Tosta de Santa Anna (detail) by [[Juan Cordero]].]]
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Different European Schools during XIX and XX Century, had influence in Mexican painters. Pelegrín Clavé, [[Santiago Rebull]], [[José Salomé Pina]], [[Juan Cordero]], [[Hermenegildo Bustos]], [[Jose Maria Velasco]] and [[Joaquin Clausell]] are the main figures in this era.
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[[Image:Bustos Da. Francisca Valdivia de Chavez e hijos.jpg|thumb|120px|left|Da. Francisca Valdivia de Chávez e hijos by Hermenegildo Bustos]]
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''The two major representative figures of 19th-century Mexican landscape painting, Eugenio Landesio and José María Velasco, met on one of their excursions to the countryside to do outdoor paintings of national landscapes.'' [http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Landscapes/e-ig1-e.php3#]
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Joaquín Clausell is Mexico's best known [[Impressionism|Impressionist]] painter.
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{{Clear}}
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== XX Century ==
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[[Image:Soriano Autoretrato.jpg|thumb|Self-Portrait by Juan Soriano]]
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Some of the most important figures in this era are: [[Rufino Tamayo]], [[Francisco Goitia]], [[Frida Kahlo]], [[Juan O'Gorman]], [[Remedios Varo]], Leonora Carrington, [[Gunther Gerzso]], [[Jose Luis Cuevas]], [[Rafael Coronel]] and [[Juan Soriano]] as well as Mexico’s great muralists [[Diego Rivera]], [[Jose Clemente Orozco]] and [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]].
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''Tamayo painted on an [[easel]] and his models were the masters of Modern Art, Picasso, Cezanne, and Braque. His subjects, however abstractly treated, were Mexican to the core.'' [http://www.kolahstudio.com/Underground/?p=62]
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Gunther Gerzso is best known for his geometric abstractions. In painting, Gerzso moved from Surrealism to Abstract [[Expressionism]].
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The painting of Frida Kahlo may be classified as [[Surrealism]] or Magic Realism.
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[[File:Leonora Carrington Los hombres pajaro de Burnley.jpg|thumb|left|Leonora Carrington, Los hombres pájaro de Burnley.]]
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<center>
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[[File:Diego Rivera Flower Day 1925.jpg|200px]]
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Diego Rivera, Flower Day, 1925.
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</center>
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{{Clear}}
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== Muralism ==
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[[Image:Rivera AlamedaPark.jpg|thumb|Alameda Park, detail of mural by Diego Rivera.]]
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''The Mexican Modernist School (and [[Muralism|muralists]]) abandoned the solemn and detached art of [[Europe]] and instead embraced bold [[New World]] imagery full of color and human activity.'' [http://www.mexconnect.com/mex_/travel/jcummings/jcdiegofrida.html] Some remarkable painters of this  time are: [[Diego Rivera]], [[David Alfaro Siqueiros]], and [[Jose Clemente Orozco|José Clemente Orozco]]. Gerardo Murillo ([[Dr. Atl]]) is another important painter of this School, but he also painted traditional landscapes and contemporary art experiments.
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[[Image:Siqueiros Nueva Democracia 1944.jpg|thumb|240px|left|Nueva Democracia by David Alfaro Siqueiros.]]
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{{Clear}}
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== See also ==
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[[Image:Juarez Marriage of the Virgin.jpg|thumb|150px|Marriage of the Virgin (ca. 1620-35) by Luis Juárez]]
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*[[Painting Masterpieces]]
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*[[Painting Schools]]
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*[[Mexican Painters]]
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*[[Mexican Painting Masterpieces]]
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== External links ==
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[[Image:Clausell Estudio.jpg|thumb|left|Joaquín Clausell’s study]]
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*[http://www.lacma.org/art/LatAmIndex.aspx The Arts in Latin America, 1492–1820]
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*[http://www.artnet.com/magazine_pre2000/features/ramirez/ramirez12-02-96.asp Casta painting and colonial latin america at the americas society] by Yasmin Ramirez.
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*[http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/bevans/Art454L-61-ColonialPaintings/ Colonial Painting]
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*[http://www.franzmayer.org.mx/ingles/pintura.html Mexican painting] Franz Mayer Museum.
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*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE7D8103AF934A15751C1A966958260 Rufino Tamayo at 91] By Mark A. Uhlig, THE NEW YORK TIMES.
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*[http://www.explorandomexico.com/about-mexico/5/5/ The Great Mexican Painters]
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*[http://www.museosoumaya.com.mx/ Museo Soumaya] In Spanish.
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*[http://www.artesvisuales.unam.mx/ Academy of San Carlos]
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[[File:Manuel Rodriguez Lozano La Piedad en el desierto 1942.jpeg|thumb|center|220px|Manuel Rodríguez Lozano, La Piedad en el desierto, 1942.]]
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[[Category:Painting]]
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[[Category:Mexican Painters]]
Jpatt
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