'''Forced dues''' means being required to pay dues to a [[labor union]] as a condition of employment.
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'''Forced dues''' means being required to pay dues to a [[labor union]] as a condition of employment. According to Professor [[Charles Baird]]:<ref>[http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-174.html Cato Policy Analysis No. 174] - The Permissible Uses of Forced Union Dues:
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*... a 1988 U.S. Supreme Court opinion, Communications Workers of America v. Beck, in which the Court declared that employees forced to pay union dues under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) do not have to contribute to a union's partisan political activities [http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa-174.html]
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From Hanson to Beck</ref>
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*... a 1988 U.S. Supreme Court opinion, Communications Workers of America v. Beck, in which the Court declared that employees forced to pay union dues under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) do not have to contribute to a union's partisan political activities