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Line 1: − The term '''absolute temperature scale''' usually refers to the [[Kelvin]] temperature scale, but can also refer to the [[Rankine]] scale. These scales are based on the conventional scales for measuring temperature - [[Celsius]] in most non-US countries and [[Fahrenheit]] in the [[United States]].+ − − ==Need for an absolute scale== − Chemists and physicists working with [[gas]]es came to the realization that the conventional temperature scales were not adequate for characterizing the effect of temperature on the decrease in [[volume]] and [[pressure]] of gases with the corresponding decrease in the actual temperature of the gases. − − Ultimately, they realized that if they could decrease the temperature of an [[Ideal Gas|ideal gas]] to a point where all [[molecular motion]] ceased, that would be a good "[[absolute zero]]" point. They found that this temperature would be -273.16 °C (-459.6 °F). − − ==Kelvin scale== − The Kelvin scale, which is based on the Celsius scale, sets the absolute zero point at 0 Kelvin (or just 0K). − − Thus, the melting point of water would be 273.16 K (0°C + 273.16). Likewise, the boiling point of water is 373.16 K (100 °C + 273.16). − − ==Rankine scale== − Like the Kelvin scale, the absolute zero temperature on the Rankine scale is at its zero point - 0°R. However, one degree on the Rankine scale is one degree on the Fahrenheit scale. − − Thus, the freezing point of water would be 491.6 °R (32 °F + 459.6), and the boiling point of water would be 671.6 °R (212 °F + 459.6). − − [[Category:Units of Temperature]]
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