SkipCaptcha
265
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Line 11:
Line 11: − + Line 23:
Line 23: − + Line 55:
Line 55: − + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + Line 62:
Line 79: − + − + − + − +
new section: Caution; also correct ISBN
| accessdate = 2012-04-08
| accessdate = 2012-04-08
}}</ref>
}}</ref>
These grammatical systems were referred to by Chomsky as ''transformational grammars''. Other linguists have developed variants; together these are known as ''generative grammars''.
These grammatical systems were referred to by Chomsky as ''transformational grammars''. Other linguists have since developed a variety of similar grammars; together these are known as ''generative grammars''.
The basic idea of a '''generative grammar''' is to provide a set of rules which are capable of generating all possible grammatical sentences in some language; the rules must constrain the generation so that only grammatical sentences are generated. The rules can also be used in reverse to parse a sentence and check if it is grammatical.
The basic idea of a '''generative grammar''' is to provide a set of rules which are capable of generating all possible grammatical sentences in some language; the rules must constrain the generation so that only grammatical sentences are generated. The rules can also be used in reverse to parse a sentence and check if it is grammatical.
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| publisher = Cambridge University Press
| year = 1987
| year = 1987
| isbn = 978052126438
| isbn = 0-521-42443-7
| pages = page 97
| pages = page 97
}}</ref> and is a slight extension of an example on slide 9 of this lecture.
}}</ref> and is a slight extension of an example on slide 9 of this lecture.
:''Determiner'' ''Noun'' ''Verb'' ''Determiner'' ''Noun''
:''Determiner'' ''Noun'' ''Verb'' ''Determiner'' ''Noun''
By choosing the various options for ''Determiner'', ''Noun'', and ''Verb'', we can generate 108 (= 2 * 3 * 3 * 2 * 3) different grammatical sentences.
By choosing the various options for ''Determiner'', ''Noun'', and ''Verb'', we can, in this simple case, generate 108 (= 2 * 3 * 3 * 2 * 3) different grammatical sentences.
==Caution==
While a generative grammar may produce sentences which are grammatically correct, there is no certainty that such sentences will actually mean anything. The classic example of such a meaningless sentence is from Chomsky's book
<ref>{{cite book
| last = Chomsky
| first = Noam
| title = Syntactic Structures
| year = 1957
| publisher = Mouton
| location = The Hague/Paris
| pages = page 15
| isbn = 3-11-017279-8
}}</ref> with the sentence:
:"Colorless green ideas sleep furiously."
This example illustrates the difference between grammar/syntax and meaning/semantics.
==Chomsky hierarchy==
==Chomsky hierarchy==
| url = http://www.cs.uaf.edu/2011/spring/cs331/lectures/cs331_20110124_grammar.html
| url = http://www.cs.uaf.edu/2011/spring/cs331/lectures/cs331_20110124_grammar.html
| title = Lecture notes: Languages & Grammars
| title = Lecture notes: Languages & Grammars
| accessdate = 2012-04-07}}
| accessdate = 2012-04-07
</ref>
}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web
<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://adammikeal.org/courses/compute/Chomsky%20Presentation.pdf
| url = http://adammikeal.org/courses/compute/Chomsky%20Presentation.pdf
| title = The Chomsky Hierarchy
| title = The Chomsky Hierarchy
| accessdate = 2012-04-06}}
| accessdate = 2012-04-06
</ref>
}}</ref>
===Level 0===
===Level 0===