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[[image:Shroud of Turin face.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Negative image of the face of the Shroud; the photographic qualities of the Shroud were unknown until 1898.]]

[[image:Shroud of Turin face.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Negative image of the face of the Shroud; the photographic qualities of the Shroud were unknown until 1898.]]

The '''Shroud of Turin''' (in Italian, ''la Sacra Sindone'') is the most studied artifact in the history of the world,.

The '''Shroud of Turin''' (in Italian, ''la Sacra Sindone'') is the most studied artifact in the history of the world, causing some agnostic or atheist scientists to convert to [[Christianity]].<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/mrinobnf.pdf]</ref>  Other scientists who have not converted do consider the Shroud to be the authentic burial cloth for [[Jesus Christ]].

The Shroud contains real blood stains consisting of human male DNA, and a blood type that is AB.  The height of the man was 5' 11"; his weight, about 170 pounds.  Coins visible only to modern technology had been placed over the man's eyes, a tradition not known to historians until modern archaeological excavations revealed the practice.

The Shroud contains real blood stains consisting of human male DNA, and a blood type that is AB.  The height of the man was 5' 11"; his weight, about 170 pounds.  Coins visible only to modern technology had been placed over the man's eyes, a tradition not known to historians until modern archaeological excavations revealed the practice; the coin over the right eye was minted by [[Pontius Pilate]], and the coin over the left eye was minted only in A.D. 29.<ref name="Coins">http://www.shroudstory.com/faq-coins.htm</ref>  The angle of the man's arms during the crucifixion can be inferred from the flow of blood seen on the Shroud:  65° for one arm; 55° for the other.

There is overwhelming forensic evidence on the Shroud indicating that it is the image of man who was both scourged and crucified, yet without the breaking of the victim's leg as commonly done as part of the punishment.<ref name="Forensics">http://www.shroudstory.com/forensics.htm</ref>  The bloodstains on the Shroud were formed before the image was made.  The image is scientifically precise in a way unknown to any medieval forgers: the thumbs are not visible because the nails were through the wrist, not through the hands as mistakenly thought until the 20th century.<ref name="Forensics"/>

There is overwhelming forensic evidence on the Shroud indicating that it is the image of man who was both scourged and crucified, yet (as described in the Bible) without the breaking of the victim's leg as commonly done as part of the punishment.<ref name="Forensics">http://www.shroudstory.com/forensics.htm</ref>  The bloodstains on the Shroud were formed before the image was made.  The image is scientifically precise in a way unknown to any medieval forgers: the thumbs are not visible because the nails were through the wrist, not through the hands as mistakenly thought until the 20th century.<ref name="Forensics"/>

The long cloth is presently kept in the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in [[Turin]], Italy, which contains the image of a [[crucifixion|crucified]] man.<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/]</ref>  An [[agnostic]] [[British]] scholar studied the ''Shroud of Turin'' and concluded in his book, ''The Sign'' (2012), that the Shroud is authentic and was even the basis of disciples' acceptance of the [[Resurrection]].<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9162459/Mystery-solved-Turin-Shroud-linked-to-Resurrection-of-Christ.html</ref>

The long cloth is presently kept in the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in [[Turin]], Italy, which contains the image of a [[crucifixion|crucified]] man.<ref>[http://www.shroud.com/]</ref>  An [[agnostic]] [[British]] scholar studied the ''Shroud of Turin'' and concluded in his book, ''The Sign'' (2012), that the Shroud is authentic and was even the basis of disciples' acceptance of the [[Resurrection]].<ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/9162459/Mystery-solved-Turin-Shroud-linked-to-Resurrection-of-Christ.html</ref>

Raymond N. Rogers, a retired [[chemist]] from the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] in [[New Mexico]], studied the Shroud and declared, "The chemistry says it was a real shroud, the blood spots on it are real blood, and the technology that was used to make that piece of cloth was exactly what Pliny the Elder reported from his time," about A.D. 70.  "It's a shroud from the right time, but you're never going to find out (through science) if it was used on a person named [[Jesus]]," Rogers said.<ref>http://bibleprobe.com/</ref>

Raymond N. Rogers, a retired [[chemist]] from the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]] in [[New Mexico]], studied the Shroud and declared, "The chemistry says it was a real shroud, the blood spots on it are real blood, and the technology that was used to make that piece of cloth was exactly what Pliny the Elder reported from his time," about A.D. 70.  "It's a shroud from the right time, but you're never going to find out (through science) if it was used on a person named [[Jesus]]," Rogers said.<ref>http://bibleprobe.com/</ref>

In 1988, [[carbon dating]] of a small snippet of the Shroud was performed and found with 95% certainty that the Shroud originated between 1260–1390 AD, thereby disproving any connection to Jesus of Nazareth, and corroborating with the emergence of the Shroud in the Middle Ages.

In 1988, [[carbon dating]] of a small snippet of the Shroud was performed, but the "C-14 results of the three labs falls outside the bounds of the Pearson's chi-square test," illustrating a flaw in the dating that was likely due to a repair seam that ran diagonally "through the area from which the sample was taken."<ref>http://www.juliantrubin.com/encyclopedia/bible/shroud_of_turin.html</ref>  A peer-reviewed scientific paper later demonstrated the invalidity of those results, suggesting instead that the Shroud is between 1,300 and 3,000 years old,<ref>Rogers, Raymond N., "Studies on the radiocarbon sample from the Shroud of Turin". Thermochimica Acta, Volume 425 Issue 1–2, pp. 189-194 (Jan. 20, 2005)[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6THV-4DTBVHC-1&_user=10&_handle=B-WA-A-W-WE-MsSAYWA-UUA-AAUYYDZUYC-AAUZVCZYYC-YZEWAVVVC-WE-U&_fmt=full&_coverDate=01%2F20%2F2005&_rdoc=26&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%235292%232005%23995749998%23553672!&_cdi=5292&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=3d89246a5d4144616be7657f0d83b6cf]</ref><ref>Mark Antonacci "Resurrection of the Shroud: New Scientific, Medical, and Archeological Evidence"</ref> disproving the 1988 results that claimed that the Shroud originated between A.D. 1238 and 1430.

== The Lamb ==

== The Lamb ==