Changes

===U.S. Government===

===U.S. Government===

Twenty years after Weinstein's book was published, the bipartisan [[Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy|Moynihan commission]] (which had access to previously-classified [[Venona project|Venona]] decrypts unavailable to Weinstein) went further&mdash;not just on perjury, but on espionage&mdash;the commission's unanimous [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/commissions/secrecy/ Final Report] concluding, "The complicity of Alger Hiss of the State Department seems settled," adding that the [[USSR|Soviet]] agent "Ales" (pronounced "Alles") "could only be Alger Hiss."<ref>Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, ''Secrecy'' (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1997), [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/commissions/secrecy/pdf/12hist1.pdf Appendix A - Secrecy: A Brief Account of the American Experience], pp. A-37, A-34 (PDF pp. 39, 36)</ref> The commission's chairman, Senator [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]], a [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907E5DC103EF930A15751C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all liberal Democrat], wrote, "Hiss was indeed a [[USSR|Soviet]] agent and appears to have been regarded by [[Moscow]] as its most important."<ref>Daniel Patrick Moynihan, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FWq-5a5tqH0C Secrecy: The American Experience]'', New Haven: Yale University Press (1998) ISBN 0300077564, p. 146</ref>  A comprehensive [[Department of Defense]] review finds that Hiss was among the "well-placed Americans" who "gradually drifted into service as Soviet agents," thus beginning "careers as spies for the Soviets."<ref>Katherine L. Herbig and Martin F. Wiskoff, "[http://www.dhra.mil/perserec/reports/tr02-05.pdf Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens]," Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) Technical Report 02-5 (July 2002), p. 4 (PDF p. 25)</ref>

Twenty years after Weinstein's book was published, the bipartisan [[Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy|Moynihan commission]] (which had access to previously-classified [[Venona project|Venona]] decrypts unavailable to Weinstein) went further&mdash;not just on perjury, but on espionage&mdash;the commission's unanimous [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/commissions/secrecy/ Final Report] concluding, "The complicity of Alger Hiss of the State Department seems settled," adding that the [[USSR|Soviet]] agent "Ales" (pronounced "Alles") "could only be Alger Hiss."<ref>Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, ''Secrecy'' (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1997), [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/commissions/secrecy/pdf/12hist1.pdf Appendix A - Secrecy: A Brief Account of the American Experience], pp. A-37, A-34 (PDF pp. 39, 36)</ref> The commission's chairman, Senator [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]], a [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907E5DC103EF930A15751C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all liberal Democrat], wrote, "Hiss was indeed a [[USSR|Soviet]] agent and appears to have been regarded by [[Moscow]] as its most important."<ref>Daniel Patrick Moynihan, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FWq-5a5tqH0C Secrecy: The American Experience]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998) ISBN 0300077564, p. 146</ref>  A comprehensive [[Department of Defense]] review finds that Hiss was among the "well-placed Americans" who "gradually drifted into service as Soviet agents," thus beginning "careers as spies for the Soviets."<ref>Katherine L. Herbig and Martin F. Wiskoff, "[http://www.dhra.mil/perserec/reports/tr02-05.pdf Espionage Against the United States by American Citizens]," Defense Personnel Security Research Center (PERSEREC) Technical Report 02-5 (July 2002), p. 4 (PDF p. 25)</ref>

Regarding "Ales," the FBI concluded, "It would appear likely that this individual is Alger Hiss..."<ref>FBI memo: Belmont to Ladd, May 15, 1950 ([http://education-research.org/PDFs/VENONA.pdf FBI file: Venona]), p. 8 (PDF p. 11); Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mVpWH51F7toC The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors]'' (Washington: Regnery Publishing, 2001) ISBN 0895262258, p. 137</ref> "Venona cables confirmed that Alger Hiss (Ales) of the State Department was a GRU agent," concludes [http://intellit.muskingum.edu/alpha_folder/p_folder/peake.html Hayden Peake], curator of the [[CIA]]’s [https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/historical-intelligence-collection.html Historical Intelligence Collection].<ref>Hayden B. Peake, "[http://web.archive.org/web/20061212003123/http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2000/summer/re2-Su0.htm The Venona Progeny]," ''Naval War College Review'', Vol. 53, no. 3 (Summer 2000) (Archive)</ref> Analysts at the [[National Security Agency]] have also gone on record that [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_hiss.html Ales could only have been Alger Hiss]. John R. Schindler, professor of strategy at the Naval War College and himself a former NSA analyst, agrees, calling this identification "[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page61.html exceptionally solid]" and the evidence "compelling." The [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-War&month=0906&week=b&msg=aCgDqWbKqMTj/XUkqzkSAw&user=&pw= late] [[U.S. Air Force]] historian [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Diplo&month=0906&week=b&msg=nGh672LlDx94PGFwC3UDMw&user=&pw= Eduard Mark] called this conclusion "eminently reasonable," concurring that the evidence showed that "ALES was ''very probably'' Hiss."<ref>Eduard Mark, "[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a714040012 Who was 'Venona's' 'Ales'? Cryptanalysis and the Hiss Case]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' Vol. 18 Issue 3 (Autumn 2003), pp. 54–55, 57–88, 62, 64 (italics in original)</ref> [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no4/article09.html#author1 John Ehrman] of the [[CIA]]'s [https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/index.html Directorate of Intelligence] concludes, "it is clear that [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol51no4/pdf-files/Ehrman_Alger_Hiss_Again-Web%20(U).pdf Hiss alone remains the best candidate to be ALES]."

Regarding "Ales," the FBI concluded, "It would appear likely that this individual is Alger Hiss..."<ref>FBI memo: Belmont to Ladd, May 15, 1950 ([http://education-research.org/PDFs/VENONA.pdf FBI file: Venona]), p. 8 (PDF p. 11); Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=mVpWH51F7toC The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors]'' (Washington: Regnery Publishing, 2001) ISBN 0895262258, p. 137</ref> "Venona cables confirmed that Alger Hiss (Ales) of the State Department was a GRU agent," concludes [http://intellit.muskingum.edu/alpha_folder/p_folder/peake.html Hayden Peake], curator of the [[CIA]]’s [https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/historical-intelligence-collection.html Historical Intelligence Collection].<ref>Hayden B. Peake, "[http://web.archive.org/web/20061212003123/http://www.nwc.navy.mil/press/Review/2000/summer/re2-Su0.htm The Venona Progeny]," ''Naval War College Review'', Vol. 53, no. 3 (Summer 2000) (Archive)</ref> Analysts at the [[National Security Agency]] have also gone on record that [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_hiss.html Ales could only have been Alger Hiss]. John R. Schindler, professor of strategy at the Naval War College and himself a former NSA analyst, agrees, calling this identification "[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page61.html exceptionally solid]" and the evidence "compelling." The [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-War&month=0906&week=b&msg=aCgDqWbKqMTj/XUkqzkSAw&user=&pw= late] [[U.S. Air Force]] historian [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Diplo&month=0906&week=b&msg=nGh672LlDx94PGFwC3UDMw&user=&pw= Eduard Mark] called this conclusion "eminently reasonable," concurring that the evidence showed that "ALES was ''very probably'' Hiss."<ref>Eduard Mark, "[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a714040012 Who was 'Venona's' 'Ales'? Cryptanalysis and the Hiss Case]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' Vol. 18 Issue 3 (Autumn 2003), pp. 54–55, 57–88, 62, 64 (italics in original)</ref> [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no4/article09.html#author1 John Ehrman] of the [[CIA]]'s [https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/index.html Directorate of Intelligence] concludes, "it is clear that [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol51no4/pdf-files/Ehrman_Alger_Hiss_Again-Web%20(U).pdf Hiss alone remains the best candidate to be ALES]."