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'''Cold fusion''' is the hypothetical effect resulting in excess heat that some scientists have claimed could be produced from nuclear fusion near room temperature. In 1989, electrochemists Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons of the University of Utah claimed to have produced such an effect by placing [[palladium]] electrodes in a glass of heavy water, <ref>http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/print/1258</ref> and some speculated that this could become a source of cheap energy in the future. After Fleischmann and Pons made their claim, the effect initially was unable to be replicated by scientists, and the claim was generally discredited. After work by Mike McKubre of SRI and Miles and Bush at the Navies China Lake Research Laboratory it was show that a deuterium to palladium loading of >0.9 was need to see the effect. The initial failures at MIT and CalTech used loading of <0.8. Further they showed that helium was produced from the deuterium. Somehow D+D -> ??? -> He releasing the expected 23.8MeV per He atom of energy. This field is being actively researched today (circa 2012).  

'''Cold fusion''' is a popular name for an effect resulting in apparent excess heat, that some scientists have claimed could be produced from a nuclear reaction, mechanism unknown, near room temperature.

Research is ongoing in the US at SRI in California, in Italy at several universities, in Japan at Toyota and various universities, and in several other countries.  

In 1989, electrochemists Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons of the University of Utah claimed to have produced such an effect loading a [[palladium]] cathode through electrolysis in heavy water, and some speculated that this might possibly become a source of cheap energy in the future.

 

After Fleischmann and Pons made their claim, a number of attempts to replicate the effect failed, and the claim was generally discredited. However, work continued, and Mike McKubre of Stanford Research International, and Miles and Bush at the United States Navy China Lake Research Laboratory, showed that a deuterium to palladium loading ratio of greater than 90% was needed to see the effect. The initial failures at MIT and CalTech used loading of well under 80%.

 

Further it has been shown that helium, in connection with the Fleischmann-Pons Heat Effect, is produced with a ratio to the anomalous heat that is commensurate with the ratio expected from some form of deuterium fusion to helium (though this ratio would be found with any reaction that starts with deuterium and ends with helium). This field is being actively researched today (circa 2012).

 

 

Research is ongoing in many laboratories around the world. There are also companies claiming to have working demonstration devices, claiming power levels that could see commercial usage; however there is no open independent evidence that these devices work, and some cold fusion researchers are skeptical of the claims.

The field has expanded from deuterium in palladium to also include hydrogen in nickel and nickel nano-powder, low energy glow discharge experiments and transmutation experiments (mostly in Japan). Research funding sources in the US include the Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration (DARPA), and the Department of Defense, Threat Reduction Agency.  

The field has expanded from deuterium in palladium to also include hydrogen in nickel and nickel nano-powder, low energy glow discharge experiments and transmutation experiments (mostly in Japan). Research funding sources in the US include the Defense Advanced Research Projects Administration (DARPA), and the Department of Defense, Threat Reduction Agency.