Sua sponte
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Sua sponte means action taken by a court on its own, without being asked to do so by either side of a case. Literally, it is Latin for "of its own will."
It often involves cases where a court has to determine whether it has jurisdiction to hear a case; for example, if a case was filed in the wrong court, a court (even if neither party brings up the issue) has to determine if it has power to hear the matter.