The American Mercury

The American Mercury was a monthly magazine of literature, commentary, and criticism published in the United States from 1924 to 1981. Known for its provocative and often controversial content, the magazine was founded by H.L. Mencken and George Jean Nathan. Initially a voice for highbrow literary and social commentary, the publication later shifted towards right-wing and anti-communist viewpoints during the mid-20th century.

Founding and Early Years

The American Mercury was founded in January 1924 by renowned journalist and satirist H.L. Mencken and theater critic George Jean Nathan. The magazine initially focused on literary criticism, essays, and reviews, presenting a skeptical and often cynical perspective on American culture and politics. It featured contributions from prominent writers of the era, including Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald, W.E.B. Du Bois, and Langston Hughes.

The magazine was an immediate success, praised for its sharp wit and intellectual rigor. It gained a reputation for challenging social norms, critiquing American conservatism, and addressing taboo subjects.

Editorial Changes and Decline

In 1933, Mencken stepped down as editor, and the magazine underwent several editorial changes in the ensuing decades. By the late 1930s, *The American Mercury* began to shift away from its literary roots, increasingly focusing on political commentary.

During the 1940s and 1950s, under the editorship of conservative publisher William Bradford Huie, the magazine took a decidedly right-wing stance. It became a platform for anti-communist articles, reflecting the heightened tensions of the Cold War. While it retained a degree of influence in conservative intellectual circles, its readership declined as it alienated some of its original audience.

Controversy and Reputation

By the 1950s, *The American Mercury* became associated with views including racial segregation and opposition to civil rights. In its later years, the magazine increasingly published content aligning with far-right ideologies.

Closure and Legacy

After several changes in ownership and editorial direction, *The American Mercury* ceased publication in 1981. Despite its controversial later years, the magazine’s early decades remain significant for their contribution to American literature and cultural criticism.

Notable Contributors

• Sinclair Lewis
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• W.E.B. Du Bois
• Langston Hughes
• Theodore Dreiser
• Sherwood Anderson
• Zora Neale Hurston