Difference between revisions of "Johann Amos Comenius"

Revision as of 19:20, June 2, 2015

Johann Amos Comenius (1592-1671) was a famous Czech educator and bishop of the Moravian and Bohemian Brethren church.

Born in Moravia to a poor family, Comenius studied at Herborn and Heidelberg and became a rector and pastor in Moravia. He later moved to Lissa in Poland and became a bishop of his church.

In the field of education, Comenius became famous for his work in organizing schools, formulating a general theory of education and writing textbooks.

Comenius conceived and published a practical way of teaching languages, one edition of which in 1658 was the first children's picture book. He also published three history books about the Bohemians.

With the Great Didactic, completed in 1631, Comenius presented his theory of education, which promoted a democratic form of education centered in the liberal arts. He purported to use the scientific method in his conception of education. The Encyclopedia Americana believed he succeeded in co-ordinating a sound theory of educational ideals in spite of a lack of scientific rigor, but the New International Encyclopedia believed he faithfully followed in the footsteps of Francis Bacon's application of a new scientific method to the subject of educational theory. Comenius was also one of the first to advocate the teaching of science in school.

In his lifetime, Comenius enjoyed an exalted reputation in educational theory, but was denied the opportunity executing it on a large scale by important audiences interested in seeing it applied in their spheres of influence. He was invited by British Parliament to use his theories to reform the schooling of Great Britain, but the use of his methods lost out through Parliament using John Locke's prescribed methods instead.

He was then invited to reform Sweden's schools, but when the Poles invaded the city where he lived, he lost nearly all his manuscripts during a fire. After Comenius moved back to Lissa beginning in 1654, he again lost many manuscripts during a war in Poland.

Comenius was also a theologian; his writings record his strange mystical beliefs about the Millenium and the meaning of the European political situation of the time.

The Great Didactic

Comenius' introduction to The Great Didactic reads:

Let the main object of this, our Didactic, be as follows: To seek and to find a method of instruction, by which teachers may teach less, but learners may learn more; by which schools may be the scene of less noise, aversion, and useless labour, but of more leisure, enjoyment, and solid progress; and through which the Christian community may have less darkness, perplexity, and dissension, but on the other hand more light, orderliness, peace, and rest.

God be merciful unto us and bless us, and cause his face to shine upon us;

That they way may be known upon earth, thy saving health among all nations.—Psalm lxvii. 1, 2.

References

"Comenius, Johann Amos" (1911). Encyclopedia Britannica (11th ed.).
"Comenius, Johann Amos" (1920). Encyclopedia Americana.
"Comenius, Johann Amos" (1905). New International Encyclopedia.
Adler, Mortimer J. (1984). The Paideia Program (New York: Macmillan).
Meiklejohn, Alexander (1942). Education between Two Worlds (New York: Harper and Bros.).