Difference between revisions of "Basalt"
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| − | [[Image:Basalt.jpg|thumb|300px|Basalt lava (glowing rock) oozes over basalt lava flow]]'''Basalt''' is a hard, black [[volcanic rock]] with less than about 52 weight percent [[silica]] (<math>SiO_2</math>). Because of basalt's low silica content, it has a low [[viscosity]] (resistance to flow). Therefore, basaltic lava can flow quickly and easily move more than 20 km from a [[vent]]. The low viscosity typically allows [[volcanic gas]]es to escape without generating enormous eruption columns. Basaltic lava fountains and fissure eruptions, however, still form explosive fountains hundreds of meters tall. Common minerals in basalt include [[olivine]], [[pyroxene]], and [[plagioclase]]. Basalt is erupted at temperatures between 1100 | + | [[Image:Basalt.jpg|thumb|300px|Basalt lava (glowing rock) oozes over basalt lava flow]]'''Basalt''' is a hard, black [[volcanic rock]] with less than about 52 weight percent [[silica]] (<math>SiO_2</math>). Because of basalt's low silica content, it has a low [[viscosity]] (resistance to flow). Therefore, basaltic lava can flow quickly and easily move more than 20 km from a [[vent]]. The low viscosity typically allows [[volcanic gas]]es to escape without generating enormous eruption columns. Basaltic lava fountains and fissure eruptions, however, still form explosive fountains hundreds of meters tall. Common minerals in basalt include [[olivine]], [[pyroxene]], and [[plagioclase]]. Basalt is erupted at temperatures between 1100 and 1250° C and is the most widely distributed rock in the world.<ref name="Living Earth">{{cite book |title=Living Earth: Outline of the Geology of Iceland |author=Ari Trausti Gudmundsson, Halldor Kjartansson |publisher=Mág o menning |place=Reykjavík |year=2007, 2015 |chapter= The Foundation: Mostly Basalt |page=28 |isbn=978-9979-3-3360-9}}</ref> |
Revision as of 13:14, June 28, 2016
Basalt is a hard, black volcanic rock with less than about 52 weight percent silica (Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle SiO_2} ). Because of basalt's low silica content, it has a low viscosity (resistance to flow). Therefore, basaltic lava can flow quickly and easily move more than 20 km from a vent. The low viscosity typically allows volcanic gases to escape without generating enormous eruption columns. Basaltic lava fountains and fissure eruptions, however, still form explosive fountains hundreds of meters tall. Common minerals in basalt include olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase. Basalt is erupted at temperatures between 1100 and 1250° C and is the most widely distributed rock in the world.[1]
Extenral Sources
References
- ↑ Ari Trausti Gudmundsson, Halldor Kjartansson (2007, 2015). "The Foundation: Mostly Basalt", Living Earth: Outline of the Geology of Iceland. Mág o menning. ISBN 978-9979-3-3360-9.