The transfer of a "naked" [[DNA]] segment from a nonfunctional donor [[cell]] to that of a functional recipient cell.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia
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'''Transformation''' is the transfer of a "naked" [[DNA]] segment from a nonfunctional donor [[cell]] to that of a functional recipient cell.<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998</ref>
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Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998</ref>
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==Genetic transformation==
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Genetic transformation consists of the transfer and incorporation into a cell of [[DNA]], especially [[recombinant DNA]]. The cells, plants, or progeny resulting from this process are said to be transformed where there is a demonstration of the expression in the recipient organism of unique marker genes carried by the transferred DNA.
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==Biological transformation==
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Biochemical transformation, or "biotransformation", is the process of using cultured cells to convert substrates into other desired organic compounds through use of an endogenous enzyme system that catalyzes the reactions.