Difference between revisions of "Constants"

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This page lists various constants used in [[physics]] and some useful conversions.
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==Physical constants==
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The number in brackets represents the uncertainty in the constant, so that <math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34}</math> has an uncertainty of <math>0.00000000081 \times 10^{-34}</math>.
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{| class="wikitable"
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|-
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!Name
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!Symbol
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!Value
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!Meaning
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!Used in
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!Exact
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|-
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|[[Planck's constant]]
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|<math>h</math>
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|<math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34} \,</math> J s
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|It relates the [[frequency]] of a [[photon]] to its [[energy]]
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|[[Quantum mechanics]]
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|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h</ref>
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|-
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|[[Speed of light]]
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|<math>c</math>
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|299,792,458 m s<sup>-1</sup>
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|This is the speed of light in a [[vacuum]]
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|Most of physics, such as [[optics]] and [[relativity]]
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|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c</ref>
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|-
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|Permittivity of free space
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|<math>\epsilon_0</math>
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|<math>8.854187817... \times 10^{-12}</math> F m<sup>-1</sup>
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|Related to the strength of an [[electric field]] produced by a charge
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|[[Electromagnetism]]
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|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0</ref>
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|-
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|Permeability of free space
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|<math>\mu_0</math>
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|<math>4 \pi \times 10^{-7}</math>
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|Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]s produced by a [[current]]
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|[[Electromagnetism]]
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|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0</ref>
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|-
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|Elementary charge
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|<math>e</math>
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|<math>1.6021766208(98) \times 10^{-19}</math> C
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|The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron
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|Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by [[proton]]s, [[electron]]s etc
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|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e</ref>
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|-
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|[[Avogadro's number]]
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|<math>N_A</math>
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|<math>6.022140857(74) \times 10^{23}</math> mol<sup>-1</sup>
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|The number of constituents in 1 mole of something
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|[[Chemistry]], [[statistical mechanics]], [[thermodynamics]]
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|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na</ref>
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|-
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|Ideal gas constant
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|<math>R</math>
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|<math>8.3144598(48)</math> J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>
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|Relates the [[pressure]], [[volume]], [[temperature]] and number of moles of an [[ideal gas]]
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|[[Thermodynamics]]
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|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r</ref>
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|}
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==Useful Conversions==
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1 atm = 101.1 kPa
 
1 atm = 101.1 kPa
  
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760&nbsp;mm Hg = 1 atm
 
760&nbsp;mm Hg = 1 atm
  
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==      ==
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--------
  
 
Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x <math>10^{-27}</math>kg
 
Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x <math>10^{-27}</math>kg
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[[Avogadro's number]]: 6.02 x <math>10^{23}</math> particles/mole
 
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Planck's constant: 6.23 x <math>10^{-34} \frac{Joules}{Hertz}</math>
 
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R = 0.0821 <math>\frac{L \cdot atm}{mole \cdot K}</math> or 8.314 <math>\frac{J}{mole \cdot K}</math>
 
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Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm
 
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm
  
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==      ==
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---------
  
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"

Revision as of 18:51, April 10, 2017

This page lists various constants used in physics and some useful conversions.

Physical constants

The number in brackets represents the uncertainty in the constant, so that has an uncertainty of .

Name Symbol Value Meaning Used in Exact
Planck's constant J s It relates the frequency of a photon to its energy Quantum mechanics Inexact[1]
Speed of light 299,792,458 m s-1 This is the speed of light in a vacuum Most of physics, such as optics and relativity Exact[2]
Permittivity of free space F m-1 Related to the strength of an electric field produced by a charge Electromagnetism Exact[3]
Permeability of free space Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]s produced by a current Electromagnetism Exact[4]
Elementary charge C The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by protons, electrons etc Inexact[5]
Avogadro's number mol-1 The number of constituents in 1 mole of something Chemistry, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics Inexact[6]
Ideal gas constant J mol-1 K-1 Relates the pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles of an ideal gas Thermodynamics Inexact[7]

Useful Conversions

1 atm = 101.1 kPa

1.000 calorie = 4.184 Joules

1 Calorie = 1000 calories

760 torr = 1 atm

760 mm Hg = 1 atm

Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x kg

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm

Bond Strengths
Mass Charge
Proton 1.67 x kg +1
Neutron 1.67 x kg 0
Electron 9.11 x kg -1
  1. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h
  2. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c
  3. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0
  4. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0
  5. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e
  6. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na
  7. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r
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