Difference between revisions of "Constants"

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(→‎Physical constants: added Faraday's)
(Added some more constants and converted units to latex to avoid wrapping problems)
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The number in brackets represents the uncertainty in the constant, so that <math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34}</math> has an uncertainty of <math>0.00000000081 \times 10^{-34}</math>.
 
The number in brackets represents the uncertainty in the constant, so that <math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34}</math> has an uncertainty of <math>0.00000000081 \times 10^{-34}</math>.
  
−
{| class="wikitable"
+
 
 +
{| class="wikitable" style="background: white"
 
|-
 
|-
 
!Name
 
!Name
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|[[Planck's constant]]
 
|[[Planck's constant]]
 
|<math>h</math>
 
|<math>h</math>
−
|<math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34} \,</math> J s
+
|<math>6.626070040(81) \times 10^{-34} \, \mathrm{J} \, \mathrm{s}</math>  
 
|It relates the [[frequency]] of a [[photon]] to its [[energy]]
 
|It relates the [[frequency]] of a [[photon]] to its [[energy]]
 
|[[Quantum mechanics]]
 
|[[Quantum mechanics]]
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|[[Speed of light]]
 
|[[Speed of light]]
 
|<math>c</math>
 
|<math>c</math>
−
|299,792,458 m s<sup>-1</sup>
+
|<math>299,792,458 \, \mathrm{m} \, \mathrm{s^{-1}}</math>
 
|This is the speed of light in a [[vacuum]]
 
|This is the speed of light in a [[vacuum]]
 
|Most of physics, such as [[optics]] and [[relativity]]
 
|Most of physics, such as [[optics]] and [[relativity]]
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|Permittivity of free space
 
|Permittivity of free space
 
|<math>\epsilon_0</math>
 
|<math>\epsilon_0</math>
−
|<math>8.854187817... \times 10^{-12}</math> F m<sup>-1</sup>
+
|<math>8.854187817... \times 10^{-12} \, \mathrm{F} \, \mathrm{m^{-1}}</math>
 
|Related to the strength of an [[electric field]] produced by a charge
 
|Related to the strength of an [[electric field]] produced by a charge
 
|[[Electromagnetism]]
 
|[[Electromagnetism]]
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|Permeability of free space
 
|Permeability of free space
 
|<math>\mu_0</math>
 
|<math>\mu_0</math>
−
|<math>4 \pi \times 10^{-7}</math>
+
|<math>4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \, \mathrm{H} \, \mathrm{m^{-1}}</math>
 
|Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]s produced by a [[current]]
 
|Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]s produced by a [[current]]
 
|[[Electromagnetism]]
 
|[[Electromagnetism]]
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|Elementary charge
 
|Elementary charge
 
|<math>e</math>
 
|<math>e</math>
−
|<math>1.6021766208(98) \times 10^{-19}</math> C
+
|<math>1.6021766208(98) \times 10^{-19} \, \mathrm{C}</math>
 
|The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron
 
|The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron
 
|Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by [[proton]]s, [[electron]]s etc
 
|Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by [[proton]]s, [[electron]]s etc
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|[[Avogadro's number]]
 
|[[Avogadro's number]]
 
|<math>N_A</math>
 
|<math>N_A</math>
−
|<math>6.022140857(74) \times 10^{23}</math> mol<sup>-1</sup>
+
|<math>6.022140857(74) \times 10^{23} \, \mathrm{mol^{-1}}</math>
 
|The number of constituents in 1 mole of something
 
|The number of constituents in 1 mole of something
 
|[[Chemistry]], [[statistical mechanics]], [[thermodynamics]]
 
|[[Chemistry]], [[statistical mechanics]], [[thermodynamics]]
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|Ideal gas constant
 
|Ideal gas constant
 
|<math>R</math>
 
|<math>R</math>
−
|<math>8.3144598(48)</math> J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>
+
|<math>8.3144598(48) \, \mathrm{J} \, \mathrm{mol^{-1}} \, \mathrm{K^{-1}}</math>
 
|Relates the [[pressure]], [[volume]], [[temperature]] and number of moles of an [[ideal gas]]
 
|Relates the [[pressure]], [[volume]], [[temperature]] and number of moles of an [[ideal gas]]
 
|[[Thermodynamics]]
 
|[[Thermodynamics]]
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|Faraday Constant
 
|Faraday Constant
 
|<math>F</math>
 
|<math>F</math>
−
|<math>96485 C/mol^-1</math>
+
|<math>96485 \mathrm{C} \, \mathrm{mol^{-1}}</math>
 
|The electric charge on one mole of electrons (Avogadro's number times elementary charge)
 
|The electric charge on one mole of electrons (Avogadro's number times elementary charge)
 
|[[Chemistry]], [[physics]]
 
|[[Chemistry]], [[physics]]
 
|Inexact<ref>http://ch302.cm.utexas.edu/echem/echem-stoich/echem-stoich-all.php</ref>
 
|Inexact<ref>http://ch302.cm.utexas.edu/echem/echem-stoich/echem-stoich-all.php</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|[[Gravitational constant]]
 +
|<math>G</math>
 +
|<math>6.67408(31) \times 10^{-11} \, \mathrm{N} \, \mathrm{m^2} \, \mathrm{kg^{-2}}</math>
 +
|Constant related to the strength of Newtonian gravity
 +
|Newtonian [[gravity]]
 +
|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bg</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|Boltzmann constant
 +
|<math>k</math>
 +
|<math>1.38064852(79) \times 10^{-23} \, \mathrm{J} \, \mathrm{K^{-1}}</math>
 +
|[[Thermodynamics]]
 +
|
 +
|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|Reduced Planck's constant
 +
|<math>\hbar</math>
 +
|<math>1.054571800(13) \times 10^{-34} \, \mathrm{J} \, \mathrm{s}</math>
 +
|[[Quantum mechanics]]
 +
|It is [[Planck's constant]] divided by <math>2 \pi</math>.
 +
|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?hbar</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|Wien displacement constant
 +
|<math>b</math>
 +
|<math>2.8977729(17) \times 10^{-3} \, \mathrm{m} \, \mathrm{K}</math>
 +
|Relates the [[temperature]] of a black body to the peak in its spectrum
 +
|
 +
|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bwien</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|[[Gravitational constant|Standard acceleration due to gravity]]
 +
|<math>g</math>
 +
|<math>9.80665 \, \mathrm{m} \, \mathrm{s^{-2}}</math>
 +
|This is the [[acceleration]] of any object near to the earth's surface when [[gravity]] is the only force acting (ie, no air resistance).
 +
|[[Mechanics]]
 +
|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gn</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|Proton mass
 +
|<math>m_p</math>
 +
|<math>1.672621898(21) \times 10^{-27} \, \mathrm{kg}</math>
 +
|[[Rest mass]] of a [[proton]]
 +
|
 +
|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|Neutron mass
 +
|<math>m_n</math>
 +
|<math>1.674927471(21) \times 10^{-27} \, \mathrm{kg}</math>
 +
|[[Rest mass]] of a [[neutron]]
 +
|
 +
|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mn</ref>
 +
|-
 +
|Electron mass
 +
|<math>m_e</math>
 +
|<math>9.10938356(11) \times 10^{-31} \, \mathrm{kg}</math>
 +
|[[Rest mass]] of an [[electron]]
 +
|
 +
|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me</ref>
 
|}
 
|}
  

Revision as of 14:50, April 11, 2017

This page lists various constants used in physics and some useful conversions.

Physical constants

The number in brackets represents the uncertainty in the constant, so that has an uncertainty of .


Name Symbol Value Meaning Used in Exact
Planck's constant It relates the frequency of a photon to its energy Quantum mechanics Inexact[1]
Speed of light This is the speed of light in a vacuum Most of physics, such as optics and relativity Exact[2]
Permittivity of free space Related to the strength of an electric field produced by a charge Electromagnetism Exact[3]
Permeability of free space Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]s produced by a current Electromagnetism Exact[4]
Elementary charge The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by protons, electrons etc Inexact[5]
Avogadro's number The number of constituents in 1 mole of something Chemistry, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics Inexact[6]
Ideal gas constant Relates the pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles of an ideal gas Thermodynamics Inexact[7]
Faraday Constant The electric charge on one mole of electrons (Avogadro's number times elementary charge) Chemistry, physics Inexact[8]
Gravitational constant Constant related to the strength of Newtonian gravity Newtonian gravity Inexact[9]
Boltzmann constant Thermodynamics Inexact[10]
Reduced Planck's constant Quantum mechanics It is Planck's constant divided by . Inexact[11]
Wien displacement constant Relates the temperature of a black body to the peak in its spectrum Inexact[12]
Standard acceleration due to gravity This is the acceleration of any object near to the earth's surface when gravity is the only force acting (ie, no air resistance). Mechanics Exact[13]
Proton mass Rest mass of a proton Inexact[14]
Neutron mass Rest mass of a neutron Inexact[15]
Electron mass Rest mass of an electron Inexact[16]

Useful Conversions

1 atm = 101.1 kPa

1.000 calorie = 4.184 Joules

1 Calorie = 1000 calories

760 torr = 1 atm

760 mm Hg = 1 atm

Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x kg

Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm

Bond Strengths
Mass Charge
Proton 1.67 x kg +1
Neutron 1.67 x kg 0
Electron 9.11 x kg -1

References

  1. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h
  2. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c
  3. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0
  4. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0
  5. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e
  6. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na
  7. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r
  8. ↑ http://ch302.cm.utexas.edu/echem/echem-stoich/echem-stoich-all.php
  9. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bg
  10. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k
  11. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?hbar
  12. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bwien
  13. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gn
  14. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp
  15. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mn
  16. ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me
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