Difference between revisions of "Washington, D.C."

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-{{City
-|name           =District of Columbia
-|picture        =US Capitol.jpg
-|picture2       =DC flag.jpg
-|map            =
-|country        =United States
-|state	        =
-|region	        =
-|settled        =1791
-|charter        =
-|population     =617,996
-|area	        =68.3 sq mi
-|density        =10,065
-|mayor	        =Vincent C. Gray
-|demonym        =Washingtonian
-|co-ordinates   =38.9° N. 77.1° W.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1922|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts for 1923|url=http://archive.org/stream/worldalmanacbook1923unse#page/62/mode/2up/search/munich|series=series: World Almanac and Book of Facts|language=English|location=New York|publisher=Press Pub Co. (''The New York World'')|pages=p. 63}} Rounded down toward zero.</ref>
-}}
-'''Washington, D.C.''', also known as the '''District of Columbia''' or simply '''D.C.''', has since 1800 been the capital of the [[United States]].<ref>http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm</ref>
-Legally the name of the city is "District of Columbia."<ref>[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=016/llsl016.db&recNum=0454 District of Columbia Organic Act of 1871.] [[Library of Congress]]</ref><ref>[http://countystation.com/washingtondc.html District of Columbia Information.]</ref>
-The self-interested, often deceitful conduct of power brokers in D.C. results in its nickname as "the swamp," which also fits the historical climate the region.  In addition, its nickname as the "[[deep state]]" reflects how there is an entrenched [[liberal]] bureaucracy in D.C. that serves itself rather than the people of the [[United States]] who pay the bills.
-Most people who work in policy-making positions in D.C. are married to (or have a relationship with) someone who holds a different policy-making position.  These relationships have a binding effect that prevents policy-makers from acting independently based on [[logic]], values, or the interests of the [[America]]n people, and their policy decisions or recommendations are often self-serving.
-[[File:DC2.jpg|thumb|400px]]
-==Design and History==
-At the time that the site was first selected, two small port towns already had been built within its boundaries: Alexandria on the west side of the Potomac River and Georgetown on the east side.  Because Congress was concerns with potential conflicts of interest created by much of the land on the west side of the Potomac being owned by George Washington's family, Congress prohibited the construction of federal buildings on that side.
-The city is located along the [[Potomac River]]. The Anacostia River branches off this, and runs through parts of the Southeast and Northeast Quadrants. This river has had problems with pollution.  Because no development related to the federal city was placed on the west side of the Potomac, and the west side had attracted shanty towns with gambling and prostitution, Congress returned the land west of the Potomac River to Virginia in 1848.
-[[Pierre L'Enfant]], appointed in 1791 by George Washington, designed much of the city, including the city's interesting quadrant formation. The city is divided into four quadrants, which meet at a central point at the [[United States Capitol]]. The Northwest quadrant is by far the largest, and locations in this quadrant include the [[White House]], Ford's Theater (where [[Abraham Lincoln]] was assassinated in 1865), the National Zoo, and a number of the Smithsonian Museums. L'Enfant was fired over a dispute involving [[Thomas Jefferson]] before the city's design was completed.<ref>http://www.exploredc.org/index.php?id=3</ref>
-In 1814, the British army attacked the city as a part of the [[War of 1812]] and burned a number of public buildings in the city, including the [[White House]]. First Lady [[Dolly Madison]] famously saved a portrait of [[George Washington]] from the White House before the building was burned.<ref>http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/washingtonsack.htm</ref>
-The completely appropriate public outcry, primarily among conservatives and other disaffected Americans, during the 2016 presidential election campaign to “drain the swamp” has its roots in Washington DC’s early history. For several years after its founding, the city on the Potomac River was known for its terribly swampy conditions, with unpaved roads simply impassible by wagon or carriage for months out of the year thanks to the pervasive muck and mire.<ref>Joanne B. Freeman, Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic (New Haven [Conn.]: Yale University Press, 2001).</ref> Many politicians during the early republic refused to travel to the capital city, preferring instead to conduct government business via courier or carrier pigeons, which became known informally as “muddy budgies.” President Thomas Jefferson was a great fan of the “avian art,” and his several failed attempts to train muddy budgies himself are a great source of levity in the Jefferson Papers.<ref>Thomas Jefferson,.Catalogue, [1823]. Manuscript. Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress. http://lccn.loc.gov/87204942</ref>
-==Government==
-Article I of the Constitution specifies that [[Congress]] has exclusive legislative jurisdiction over the District of Columbia.<ref>http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/constitution.articlei.html#section8</ref>  In 1973, Congress passed the District of Columbia Self-Government and Governmental Reorganization Act, [[P.L.]] 93-198, which proposed a charter that delegated legislative authority to a locally elected [[mayor]] and [[Council of the District of Columbia|council]]; the charter was approved by local referendum in 1974.<ref>http://government.westlaw.com/linkedslice/default.asp?rs=gvt1.0&vr=2.0&sp=dcc-1000</ref><ref>http://www.narpac.org/ITXICE.HTM</ref>
-[[Image:WashingtonDC1.gif|thumb|200px|A view of the Washington Monument and United States Capitol In Washington D.C]]
-===Politics===
-The voters in Washington are 90% Democratic. It is America's fourth-most liberal city.<ref>http://www.govpro.com/News/Article/31439/</ref> The current mayor of the District of Columbia is [[Vincent C. Gray]].
-===Elected officials===
-* [[Vincent C. Gray]], Mayor.
-* Phil Mendelson, Council Chair
-*Michael A. Brown, Council Chair Pro Tempore
-*At-Large
-**David Catania
-**Michael A. Brown
-**Vincent Orange
-*Ward Members
-**Kenyan McDuffie
-**Jim Graham
-**Jack Evans
-**Mary M. Cheh
-**Muriel Bowser
-**Tommy Wells
-**Yvette Alexander
-**[[Marion Barry]]
-====Federal====
-*Del. [[Eleanor Holmes Norton]]<ref>[http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/n000147/ Washington Post U.S. Congress Votes Database]</ref> [D, DC-0]<ref name="alas">[http://www.myjournalcourier.com/articles/state_21548___article.html/alas_columbia.html Alas, D.C. is not a state] The capital has an elected House representative, Eleanor Norton, but she can only vote in committee, not on the floor.</ref>
-===Constitutional and legal disputes===
-On March 9, 2007, the [[United States Court of Appeals]] for the District of Columbia Circuit struck down Washington, D.C.'s ban on private [[handgun]] possession, as it pertains to carrying them inside one's own home, on the grounds that the [[Second Amendment]] guarantees the right of individual citizens to keep and bear firearms.<ref name="Parker">''See Parker v. District of Columbia'', 478 F. 3d 370 (2007) [quoted in ''District of Columbia v. Heller'', 554 U.S. ____ (2008).]</ref>  In a dissent, however, one judge wrote that the District of Columbia is not a [[state]] and therefore the [[Second Amendment]] does not apply within the District of Columbia. Washington, D.C.'s handgun ban was one of the most restrictive [[gun control]] laws in the nation.<ref>http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=topNews&storyid=2007-03-09T223851Z_01_N09246717_RTRUKOC_0_US-USA-GUNS-RULING.xml&src=rss</ref>  On June 26, 2008, the [[Supreme Court]] affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeals.<ref name="Heller">[http://www.supremecourtus.gov/opinions/07pdf/07-290.pdf ''District of Columbia v. Heller'']</ref>
-[[Image:Washington Monument and WWII memorial.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The WWII memorial and Washington Monument]]
-License plates in Washington, D.C. read "taxation without representation," referring to the fact that citizens of the District pay federal income taxes but do not have voting representation in either the [[United States Senate|Senate]] or [[House of Representatives]].<ref>http://dmv.dc.gov/serv/plates/tax.shtm</ref>  These plates do not appear on the presidential limousines. [[George W. Bush|George Walker Bush]] had the plates removed from the limousines after his inauguration, reversing [[Bill Clinton|William Jefferson Clinton's]] policy.<ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C06E0DB173CF93AA25752C0A9679C8B63</ref>  The capital has an elected House representative, Eleanor Holmes Norton, but she can only vote in committee, not on the floor.<ref name="alas"/><ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/05/AR2011010501936_2.html? Boehner elected House speaker as 112th Congress convenes]</ref>
-Since 1992, Washington, D.C. has offered [[domestic partnership]]s.<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/domestic-partnership-in-the-united-states Answers.com]</ref>  In 2009, the D.C. Council enacted a law, effective March 3, 2010, that "expanded the
-definition of marriage in the District to include same-sex couples."<ref>[http://www.dcappeals.gov/dccourts/appeals/pdf/10-CV-20_JACKSON_MTD.PDF ''Jackson v. District of Columbia Board of Elections and Ethics''], citing D.C. Code § 46-401 (a) (Supp. 2010); 57 D.C. Reg. 27 (Jan. 1, 2010).</ref>
-===Corruption===
-The 2010 election was hotly contested and resulted in a number of convictions.  Incumbent mayor [[Adrian Fenty]] lost the Democratic primary to [[Vincent C. Gray]].  However, his primary effort was assisted by a minor candidate [[Sulaimon Brown]], who Gray paid to stay in the primary race and appointed to a position in his administration.  When this became public, Gray fired Brown and the resulting investigation led to campaign staff being convicted. On Tuesday, July 10, 2010, Jeanne Clarke Harris, plead guilty to laundering campaign contributions from city contractor [[Jeffery E. Thompson]] through friends into the Gray campaign.  The effort involved $653,000 in improperly reported donations. U.S. Attorney Ronald C. Machen Jr said that the 2010 mayor's race was "compromised by backroom deals, secret payments and a flood of unreported cash."<ref name=wp711>{{cite news|title=Gray's victory called tainted|author=Mike DeBonis and Nikita Stewart|date=July 11, 2012|page=A1}}</ref> Harris said that Thompson sought to hide his campaign contributions to Gray to avoid angering the Fenty administration that had awarded large contract to Thompson's firms.<ref name=wp711/>  Howard Brooks and Thomas W. Gore have previously plead guilty to charges surrounding the forwarding of Gray campaign cash to Brown.<ref name=wp711/>
-[[Kwame R. Brown]] was the Chairman of the District of Columbia Council until he resigned to plead guilty to bank fraud and campaign finance charges in 2012.
-A probe of DC government employees disclosed that 318 of them had collected $1.9 million of unemployment benefits while on the DC payroll. The DC government is seeking return of the funds and has dismissed or prosecuted the employees.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://washingtonexaminer.com/d.c.-says-more-than-300-city-workers-involved-in-unemployment-scandal/article/2513901#.UKzKE5I5V4s|title=D.C. says more than 300 city workers involved in unemployment scandal|date=
-November 19, 2012|first=Alan|last=Blinder|work=Washington Examiner|accessdate=November 21, 2012}}</ref>
-Current city councilman [[Marion Barry]] has previously served as Mayor from 1979 to 1991, and from 1995 to 1999.  While Mayor, he was arrested for crack cocaine possession.<ref>{{cite news |title= Barry Arrested on Cocaine Charges in Undercover FBI, Police Operation |work= The Washington Post |date= January 19, 1990 |page= A1 |first= Sharon |last= LaFraniere |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/tours/scandal/barry.htm }}</ref>   After serving his sentence, he successfully ran for city councilman in 2004.  In November 2012, Barry organized the distribution of free Thanksgiving turkeys in his Ward that was funded by a $30,000 donation.  DC law does not require disclosure of the donors, so Barry declined to name the funders, saying it's only "liberal white folks" who are interested in disclosure rules for turkey giveaways.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/blogs/looselips/2012/11/19/barry-only-liberal-white-folks-care-who-pays-for-my-turkey-giveaway/|title=Barry: Only "Liberal White Folks" Care Who Pays for My Turkey Giveaway|first=Alan|last=Suderman|date=Nov. 19, 2012|work=Washington City Paper|accessdate=November 21, 2012}}</ref>
-==Transportation==
-Washington DC is served by a regional bus and rapid transit system operated by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, which operates under a regional compact between the federal government, Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia.
-The two commercial airports service Washington are Washington National Airport and Dulles International Airport.  Both are owned by the federal government and operated by the Metropolitan Washington Airport Authority.
-Washington's rail service is operated by Amtrak, the Virginia Railway Express and MARC.  Washington highway traffic is among the most congested in America.  It is served by Interstate 66 and Interstate 95.  Construction of freeways inside the District of Columbia was blocked by environmental litigation.  Some of the commuter routes in Virginia have been expanded by using [[HOT lanes]].
-== Symbols ==
-[[File:DC flag.jpg|thumb|DC flag.]]
-Some official symbols are:
-*Motto: "Justia Omnibus" - Justice for All
-*Song: The Star-Spangled Banner
-*Bird: Wood thrush
-*Flower: American beauty rose
-*Tree: Scarlet Oak
-{{Clear}}
-==See also==
-[[File:Tulips White House.jpg|right|240px]]
-* [[White House]]
-* [[Art cities]]
-* [[Famous American Buildings]]
-* [[United States Capitol]]
-* [[Gun control]]—Washington D.C., along with [[San Francisco values|San Francisco]], [[New York City]], [[Los Angeles]] and [[Chicago]], is known to be one of the 5 top [[American]] cities with the most [[left-wing]] [[Second Amendment|Anti-Second Amendment]] laws, yet high [[crime]] rates. See "[[Vote with your feet]]" [[strategic relocation]] to [[Free States Movement|free states]] with low [[population density]]
-[[Image:US Capitol.jpg|thumb|left|US Capitol.]]
-{{Clear}}
-== External links ==
-*[http://www.washington.org/ What's hot in Washington, DC.]
-*[http://www.vrc.dc.gov/vrc/cwp/view.asp?a=1196&q=446778&vrcNav_GID=1408&portal_link=hr Tours] Official website of the Government of the District of Columbia.
-*[http://www.culturaltourismdc.org/ Cultural Tourism DC.] Local History.
-*[http://www.enchantedlearning.com/usa/states/dc/ District of Columbia]
-==References==
-<references/>
-[[Category:Capital Cities]]
-[[Category:United States Cities and Towns]]
-[[Category:Urban History]]
-[[Category:DC| ]]
-[[Category:Anti Second Amendment]]
-[[Category:Gun Control]]
-[[Category:Most Liberal American Cities]]

Difference between revisions of "Washington, D.C."

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