Difference between revisions of "Constants"
From Conservapedia
(→Useful Conversions) |
DavidB4-bot (Talk | contribs) (Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: ie, → i.e.,, etc → etc.) |
||
| (One intermediate revision by one other user not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| − | This page lists various constants used in [[physics]] and some useful conversions. | + | This page lists various '''constants''' used in [[physics]] and some useful conversions. |
==Physical constants== | ==Physical constants== | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
|<math>\mu_0</math> | |<math>\mu_0</math> | ||
|<math>4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \, \mathrm{H} \, \mathrm{m^{-1}}</math> | |<math>4 \pi \times 10^{-7} \, \mathrm{H} \, \mathrm{m^{-1}}</math> | ||
| − | |Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]s produced by a [[current]] | + | |Related to the strength of [[magnetic field]]s produced by a [[current]] |
|[[Electromagnetism]] | |[[Electromagnetism]] | ||
|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0</ref> | |Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0</ref> | ||
| Line 45: | Line 45: | ||
|<math>1.6021766208(98) \times 10^{-19} \, \mathrm{C}</math> | |<math>1.6021766208(98) \times 10^{-19} \, \mathrm{C}</math> | ||
|The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron | |The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron | ||
| − | |Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by [[proton]]s, [[electron]]s etc | + | |Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by [[proton]]s, [[electron]]s etc. |
|Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e</ref> | |Inexact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 100: | Line 100: | ||
|<math>g</math> | |<math>g</math> | ||
|<math>9.80665 \, \mathrm{m} \, \mathrm{s^{-2}}</math> | |<math>9.80665 \, \mathrm{m} \, \mathrm{s^{-2}}</math> | ||
| − | |This is the [[acceleration]] of any object near to the earth's surface when [[gravity]] is the only force acting ( | + | |This is the [[acceleration]] of any object near to the earth's surface when [[gravity]] is the only force acting (i.e., no air resistance). |
|[[Mechanics]] | |[[Mechanics]] | ||
|Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gn</ref> | |Exact<ref>http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gn</ref> | ||
| Line 133: | Line 133: | ||
1 metre = 3.281 feet | 1 metre = 3.281 feet | ||
1 kilometre = 0.6213 miles | 1 kilometre = 0.6213 miles | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
1 mile = 5280 feet | 1 mile = 5280 feet | ||
| Line 151: | Line 149: | ||
===Other=== | ===Other=== | ||
| − | Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x 10<sup> | + | Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x 10<sup>−27</sup> kg |
1.000 calorie = 4.184 Joules | 1.000 calorie = 4.184 Joules | ||
| Line 157: | Line 155: | ||
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm | Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm | ||
| − | + | ---- | |
Relative [[mass (science)|mass]] and [[charge]] of subatomic particles found in [[atom]]s. | Relative [[mass (science)|mass]] and [[charge]] of subatomic particles found in [[atom]]s. | ||
| Line 185: | Line 183: | ||
|Pico | |Pico | ||
|p | |p | ||
| − | |10<sup> | + | |10<sup>−12</sup> |
|- | |- | ||
|nano | |nano | ||
|n | |n | ||
| − | |10<sup> | + | |10<sup>−9</sup> |
|- | |- | ||
|micro | |micro | ||
|μ | |μ | ||
| − | |10<sup> | + | |10<sup>−6</sup> |
|- | |- | ||
|milli | |milli | ||
|m | |m | ||
| − | |10<sup> | + | |10<sup>−3</sup> |
|- | |- | ||
|centi | |centi | ||
|c | |c | ||
| − | |10<sup> | + | |10<sup>−2</sup> |
|- | |- | ||
|deci | |deci | ||
|d | |d | ||
| − | |10<sup> | + | |10<sup>−1</sup> |
|- | |- | ||
|deca | |deca | ||
Latest revision as of 02:00, July 17, 2019
This page lists various constants used in physics and some useful conversions.
Contents
Physical constants
The number in brackets represents the uncertainty in the constant, so that 
has an uncertainty of 
.
| Name | Symbol | Value | Meaning | Used in | Exact |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Planck's constant | 
|
|
It relates the frequency of a photon to its energy | Quantum mechanics | Inexact[1] |
| Speed of light | 
|
|
This is the speed of light in a vacuum | Most of physics, such as optics and relativity | Exact[2] |
| Permittivity of free space | 
|
|
Related to the strength of an electric field produced by a charge | Electromagnetism | Exact[3] |
| Permeability of free space | 
|
|
Related to the strength of magnetic fields produced by a current | Electromagnetism | Exact[4] |
| Elementary charge | 
|
|
The magnitude of the electric charge on an electron | Determines the strength of electric and magnetic fields produced by protons, electrons etc. | Inexact[5] |
| Avogadro's number | 
|
|
The number of constituents in 1 mole of something | Chemistry, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics | Inexact[6] |
| Ideal gas constant | 
|
|
Relates the pressure, volume, temperature and number of moles of an ideal gas | Thermodynamics | Inexact[7] |
| Faraday Constant | 
|
|
The electric charge on one mole of electrons (Avogadro's number times elementary charge) | Chemistry, physics | Inexact[8] |
| Gravitational constant | 
|
|
Constant related to the strength of Newtonian gravity | Newtonian gravity | Inexact[9] |
| Boltzmann constant | 
|
|
Thermodynamics | Inexact[10] | |
| Reduced Planck's constant | 
|
|
Quantum mechanics | It is Planck's constant divided by  .
|
Inexact[11] |
| Wien displacement constant | 
|
|
Relates the temperature of a black body to the peak in its spectrum | Inexact[12] | |
| Standard acceleration due to gravity | 
|
|
This is the acceleration of any object near to the earth's surface when gravity is the only force acting (i.e., no air resistance). | Mechanics | Exact[13] |
| Proton mass | 
|
|
Rest mass of a proton | Inexact[14] | |
| Neutron mass | 
|
|
Rest mass of a neutron | Inexact[15] | |
| Electron mass | 
|
|
Rest mass of an electron | Inexact[16] |
Useful Conversions
Length
1 metre = 39.37 inches 1 metre = 3.281 feet 1 kilometre = 0.6213 miles
1 mile = 5280 feet 1 mile = 1760 yards
Weight
1 kilogram = 35.27 ounce 1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds
Pressure
1 atm = 101.1 kPa 1 atm = 760 torr 1 atm = 760 mm Hg
Other
Atomic mass unit: 1.00 amu = 1.67 x 10−27 kg
1.000 calorie = 4.184 Joules
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP): temperature = 273 K and pressure = 1.00 atm
Relative mass and charge of subatomic particles found in atoms.
| Relative Mass | Relative Charge | |
|---|---|---|
| Proton | 1 | +1 |
| Neutron | 1 | 0 |
| Electron | 1/1837 | -1 |
Prefixes
Prefixes in front of a unit indicate that that unit should be multiplied by a multiple of ten, e.g. Giga is 109, so 1 GPa = 109 Pa.
| Name | Symbol | Power |
|---|---|---|
| Pico | p | 10−12 |
| nano | n | 10−9 |
| micro | μ | 10−6 |
| milli | m | 10−3 |
| centi | c | 10−2 |
| deci | d | 10−1 |
| deca | da | 101 |
| hecto | h | 102 |
| kilo | k | 103 |
| mega | M | 106 |
| giga | G | 109 |
| tera | T | 1012 |
References
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?h
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?c
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?ep0
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mu0
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?e
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?na
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r
- ↑ http://ch302.cm.utexas.edu/echem/echem-stoich/echem-stoich-all.php
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bg
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?k
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?hbar
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?bwien
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?gn
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mp
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mn
- ↑ http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?me
