Changes

This is based primarily on [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/mark/16-16.htm Mark 16:16] "'''He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned.'''" (KJV) An unborn or a newborn child, infant, babe, child in arms, who does not and cannot understand, does not believe. And that little child shall most certainly be damned by dying because that child did not believe and was not baptized. "Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and ''of'' the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." John 3:5. Therefore, according to a literalist "plain, simple and obvious" reading of the Bible ''[[sola scriptura]]'', unbaptized infants are damned.<ref>Compare [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+5%3A25-29&version=NRSVCE John 5:25-29.]</ref>

This is based primarily on [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/mark/16-16.htm Mark 16:16] "'''He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned.'''" (KJV) An unborn or a newborn child, infant, babe, child in arms, who does not and cannot understand, does not believe. And that little child shall most certainly be damned by dying because that child did not believe and was not baptized. "Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and ''of'' the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God." John 3:5. Therefore, according to a literalist "plain, simple and obvious" reading of the Bible ''[[sola scriptura]]'', unbaptized infants are damned.<ref>Compare [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+5%3A25-29&version=NRSVCE John 5:25-29.]</ref>

[[John Calvin]] in his '''''Institutes of Christian Religion''''' states most clearly that only those [[Predestination|predestinate]] souls [[Eternal security (salvation)|elected irrevocably]] to the blessed glory of salvation by the irresistible grace of the Sovereign Will of God alone will attain heaven and stand in the presence of Almighty God. All others, men, women, children, babies, infants, the unborn in the womb, who die, are destined by their unregenerate wicked nature of total depravity for the ruin of hell apart from the presence of God, because "''Thou art'' of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity". [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/habakkuk/1-13.htm Habakkuk 1:13] Thus, the [[ordinance]] of baptism avails nothing for those who are not already appointed unto salvation, "For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ." [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_thessalonians/5-9.htm 1&nbsp;Thessalonians 5:9]. [[Saint Paul]] says in his ''Epistle to the Romans'', chapter 9:{{cquote|¹⁸ Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will ''have mercy'', and whom he will he hardeneth.<br>¹⁹ Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?<br>²⁰ Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed ''it'', Why hast thou made me thus?<br>²¹ Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonor?<br>²² ''What'' if God, willing to shew ''his'' wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:<br>²³ And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,<br>²⁴ Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?<br>²⁵ As he saith also in [[Hosea|Osee]], I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.<br>²⁶ And it shall come to pass, ''that'' in the place where it was said, unto them, Ye ''are'' not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.<br>—Romans 9:18-26 (KJV)}}

[[John Calvin]] in his '''''Institutes of Christian Religion''''' states most clearly that only those [[Predestination|predestinate]] souls [[Eternal security (salvation)|elected irrevocably]] to the blessed glory of salvation by the irresistible grace of the Sovereign Will of God alone will attain heaven and stand in the presence of Almighty God. All others, men, women, children, babies, infants, the unborn in the womb, who die, are destined by their unregenerate wicked nature of total depravity for the ruin of hell apart from the presence of God, because "''Thou art'' of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity". [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/habakkuk/1-13.htm Habakkuk 1:13] Thus, the [[ordinance]] of baptism avails nothing for those who are not already appointed unto salvation, "For God hath not appointed us to wrath, but to obtain salvation by our Lord Jesus Christ." [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_thessalonians/5-9.htm 1&nbsp;Thessalonians 5:9]. [[Saint Paul]] says in his ''Epistle to the Romans'', chapter 9:{{cquote|¹⁸ Therefore hath he mercy on whom he will ''have mercy'', and whom he will he hardeneth.<br>¹⁹ Thou wilt say then unto me, Why doth he yet find fault? For who hath resisted his will?<br>²⁰ Nay but, O man, who art thou that repliest against God? Shall the thing formed say to him that formed ''it'', Why hast thou made me thus?<br>²¹ Hath not the potter power over the clay, of the same lump to make one vessel unto honour, and another unto dishonor?<br>²² ''What'' if God, willing to shew ''his'' wrath, and to make his power known, endured with much long-suffering the vessels of wrath fitted to destruction:<br>²³ And that he might make known the riches of his glory on the vessels of mercy, which he had afore prepared unto glory,<br>²⁴ Even us, whom he hath called, not of the Jews only, but also of the Gentiles?<br>²⁵ As he saith also in [[Book of Hosea|Osee]], I will call them my people, which were not my people; and her beloved, which was not beloved.<br>²⁶ And it shall come to pass, ''that'' in the place where it was said, unto them, Ye ''are'' not my people; there shall they be called the children of the living God.<br>—Romans 9:18-26 (KJV)}}

 

===They go to Limbo===

===They go to Limbo===

This is based primarily on [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/romans/2-15.htm Romans 2:15]; [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_john/3-21.htm 1&nbsp;John 3:21]; [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/revelation/20-12.htm Revelation 20:12]. [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] Christian theologians, unable to reconcile the mercy and justice of a good and loving [[God the Father]], and the necessity of baptism according to [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/3-5.htm John 3:5], had recourse to the word of Jesus in [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/luke/12:48.htm Luke 12:48] in which those who did not know or hear or understand [[the Gospel]], and had personally of themselves done nothing either good or bad, would receive a light punishment, that loss solely due to the defect of the [[original sin]] of [[Adam]], placing them on the very outer edge (Latin ''limbo'') of hell, the state of simply being deprived for all eternity of the [[beatific vision]] of the saved in heaven, but also of being spared the torment of the wicked. Among Catholic theologians this doctrine of limbo has remained a philosophical and theological speculation only, and has never been approved as an official doctrine or dogma of the Catholic Church.  

This is based primarily on [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/romans/2-15.htm Romans 2:15]; [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/1_john/3-21.htm 1&nbsp;John 3:21]; [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/revelation/20-12.htm Revelation 20:12]. [[Middle Ages|Medieval]] Christian theologians, unable to reconcile the mercy and justice of a good and loving [[God the Father]], and the necessity of baptism according to [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/3-5.htm John 3:5], had recourse to the word of Jesus in [http://biblehub.com/commentaries/luke/12:48.htm Luke 12:48] in which those who did not know or hear or understand [[the Gospel]], and had personally of themselves done nothing either good or bad, would receive a light punishment, that loss solely due to the defect of the [[original sin]] of [[Adam]], placing them on the very outer edge (Latin ''limbo'') of hell, the state of simply being deprived for all eternity of the [[beatific vision]] of the saved in heaven, but also of being spared the torment of the wicked. Among Catholic theologians this doctrine of limbo has remained a philosophical and theological speculation only, and has never been approved as an official doctrine or dogma of the Catholic Church.