Difference between revisions of "House of Romanov"

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*Maria Vladimirovna (1992-present) [disputed], daughter of Vladimir.
 
*Maria Vladimirovna (1992-present) [disputed], daughter of Vladimir.
  
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A statement accepting Vladimir as head of the House was signed in October 1938 by the five most senior Romanovs.<ref>These were Grand Duke Boris, Grand Duke Andrew, Grand Duke Dmitry, Prince Vsevelod, and Prince Gavriel. See Brien Horan, "[https://www.russianlegitimist.org/russian-imperial-succession The Russian Imperial Succession]."</ref> When Vladimir died in 1992, Maria claimed the right to succeed as the only child of the last male Romanov dynast. ''Almanach de Gotha'' has refused to recognize this claim even though no other candidate is genealogically plausible.<ref>''Gotha'' describes Vladimir as, "the last Head of the Imperial House of Russia."  (James, John. ''Almanach de Gotha,'' 2016)</ref>
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A statement accepting Vladimir as head of the House was signed in October 1938 by the five most senior Romanovs.<ref>These were Grand Duke Boris, Grand Duke Andrew, Grand Duke Dmitry, Prince Vsevelod, and Prince Gavriel. See Brien Horan, "[https://www.russianlegitimist.org/russian-imperial-succession The Russian Imperial Succession]."</ref> When Vladimir died in 1992, Maria claimed the right to succeed as the only child of the last male Romanov dynast. Due to disputes within the family, ''Almanach de Gotha'' has not recognized her claim.<ref>''Gotha'' describes Vladimir as, "the last Head of the Imperial House of Russia."  (James, John. ''Almanach de Gotha,'' 2016)</ref>
  
 
== Equal marriage dispute ==
 
== Equal marriage dispute ==

Revision as of 11:02, May 24, 2021

The House of Romanov was the ruling family of Russia from 1613 to 1917. The first Romanov tsar was Michael I. His line ended with Empress Elizabeth, who died 1762. The succeeding Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov line was renamed as "Romanov" and is generally treated as a continuation of the dynasty. The last tsar was Nicholas II, who abdicated in 1917 at the start of the Russian Revolution.

Tsars of Russia (1613-1917)

  • Michael (r. 1613 - 1645), son of the patriarch of Moscow. He was chosen tsar by a Zemsky Sobor (assembly of the land).
  • Alexis (r. 1645 - 1676)
  • Feodor III (r. 1676 - 1682)
  • Ivan V (r. 1682 - 1696)
  • Peter I (r. 1682 - 1725), byname "Peter the Great." First tsar to be proclaimed emperor (1721). The succession law of 1722 provides that a tsar name his successor.
  • Catherine I (r. 1725 - 1727, co reigned from 1724 - 1725)
  • Anna of Russia (r. 1730 - 1740)
  • Ivan VI (r. 1740 - 1741)
  • Elizabeth (r. 1741 - 1762)

House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov

  • Peter III (r. 1762 - 1762), son of Anna, daughter of Peter I, and Charles Frederick, duke of Holstein-Gottorp.
  • Catherine II (r. 1762 - 1796), wife of Peter III.
  • Paul (r. 1796 - 1801). Issued the Pauline Law in 1797. This law provides for succession by primogeniture among "dynasts" recognized by the imperial court.
  • Alexander I (r. 1801 - 1825) Victory over Napoleon in 1812 made Russia a European superpower.
  • Nicholas I (r. 1825 - 1855) The Decemberist revolt in 1825 and the Crimean War of 1853-1856 created interest in reform.
  • Alexander II (r. 1855 - 1881), the "tsar liberator" who emancipated the serfs in 1861.
  • Alexander III (r. 1881 - 1894) Sergei Witte supervised railway construction and encouraged foreign investment, which led to an industrial revolution.
  • Nicholas II (r. 1894 - 1917) The autocratic power of the tsar was limited by a parliament called the Duma, which was created in 1906. The country was defeated by Germany in World War I. The Russian Revolution ousted the tsar in 1917.

Heads of the House of Romanov (1917-1992)

  • Tsar Nicholas II (1917-1918) (after abdication).
  • Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich (1918-1938). Proclaimed "curator of the throne" in 1922 and "emperor" in 1924.
  • Vladimir Kirillovich (1938-1992), son of Kirill.
  • Maria Vladimirovna (1992-present) [disputed], daughter of Vladimir.

A statement accepting Vladimir as head of the House was signed in October 1938 by the five most senior Romanovs.[1] When Vladimir died in 1992, Maria claimed the right to succeed as the only child of the last male Romanov dynast. Due to disputes within the family, Almanach de Gotha has not recognized her claim.[2]

Equal marriage dispute

Although nominally about the succession, the failure of the Romanov family to confirm Maria as head of the house is tied to her interpretation of a traditional rule that required a Romanov to marry a partner of equal rank. According to The Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire (1906):

“ Children born of a marriage between a person of the Imperial Family and a person not of corresponding dignity, that is not belonging to any royal or sovereign house, have no right of succession to the Throne.[3] ”

This requirement has proven troublesome for exiled royals.

In 1948, Vladimir married Princess Leonida Bagration-Mukhransky in Lausanne. The House of Bagration is one of the world's oldest ruling families, ruling Georgia from 813 to 1801.[4]

In 1969, Vladimir issued a proclamation which declared that the marriages of other Romanov dynasts were not "equal" according to the rules of the House. They had married members of non-ruling noble families.[5]

Led by Nicholas Romanov, slighted family members formed the Romanov Family Association in 1979. This association included almost all the surviving Romanovs aside from Vladimir and Maria. As the Bagrations had been incorporated into the Russian nobility, Vladimir's own marriage was unequal, the association argued. Maria was thus not eligible to succeed. The association called for the dynasty's rules on equal and unequal marriages to be revised.[5]

Reference

  1. ↑ These were Grand Duke Boris, Grand Duke Andrew, Grand Duke Dmitry, Prince Vsevelod, and Prince Gavriel. See Brien Horan, "The Russian Imperial Succession."
  2. ↑ Gotha describes Vladimir as, "the last Head of the Imperial House of Russia." (James, John. Almanach de Gotha, 2016)
  3. ↑ The Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire (1906), Article 36.
  4. ↑ The Japanese Imperial House is the only House that is older than the Bagrations. Russia and Georgia made a treaty affirming the status of the House in 1783: ‘Her Imperial Majesty [Catherine II], graciously accept in supreme power and protection over the Kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti, promises in Her name and in the name of Her Heirs… to preserve forever on the Throne of the Kingdoms of Kartli and Kakhety [Georgia] the Serene Tsar Irakly, son of Theimouraz, and his Heirs and Descendants.’ Quoted by Brien Horan in "The Russian Imperial Succession."
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Massie, Robert K., The Romanovs: The Final Chapter, 1995, p. 282.
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