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Line 13: + + + + + − There are several theories concerning the relationship between the Rock and the Jewish temple. According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome of the Rock, with the Holy of Holies located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits.<ref>Kaufman, Asher Selig, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]" ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref> The traditional "central location" theory places the Temple where the Dome of the Rock now stands. Tuvia Sagiv has proposed a "southern location" theory that places the Holy of Holies at the site of Al Kas fountain, south of the Dome.<ref>''[http://templemount.org/ The Temple Mount in Jerusalem]''</ref> −
→History
During the era of the Second Temple, when the Ark was hidden underground, the High Priest would offer the incense of Yom Kippur in the Holy of Holies without the presence of the Ark, and rest the shovel holding the burning coals and incense upon the foundation stone...</blockquote></ref>
During the era of the Second Temple, when the Ark was hidden underground, the High Priest would offer the incense of Yom Kippur in the Holy of Holies without the presence of the Ark, and rest the shovel holding the burning coals and incense upon the foundation stone...</blockquote></ref>
The foundation stone is where [[Abraham]] offered up his son [[Isaac]],<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:1-24|ESV}}</ref> and it is the part of the world that came into being first during creation.<ref>{{bibleverse||Job|38:4|ESV}}</ref>
The foundation stone is where [[Abraham]] offered up his son [[Isaac]],<ref>{{bibleverse||Genesis|22:1-24|ESV}}</ref> and it is the part of the world that came into being first during creation.<ref>{{bibleverse||Job|38:4|ESV}}</ref>
== Relationship to the Temple ==
There are several theories concerning the relationship between the Dome of the Rock and the Jewish temple. According to the "northern location" theory of Dr. Asher Kaufman, the Temple was north of the Dome, with the [[Holy of Holies]] located at what is now the Shrine of the Spirits.<ref>Kaufman, Asher Selig, "[https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/reviews/the-temple-mount/ The Temple Mount: Where Is the Holy of Holies?]" ''Bible History Daily,'' January 11, 2012.</ref> The Holy of Holies was the resting place of the [[Ark of the Covenant]], which was lost at the time of the [[Babylonian exile]]. The traditional "central location" theory places the Temple where the Dome now stands. Tuvia Sagiv has proposed a "southern location" theory that places the Holy of Holies at the site of Al Kas fountain, south of the Dome.<ref>''[http://templemount.org/ The Temple Mount in Jerusalem]''</ref>
The Foundation Stone was a platform in the Holy of Holies that rose three fingers above the Temple floor. The rock housed under the Dome is 58 by 51 feet, larger than the entire Holy of Holies.<ref>Blidstein, Gerald Y., "[https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/even-shetiyyah Even Shetiyyah]," ''Encyclopedia Judaica'', 1996.</ref> This undercuts the tradition that identifies the Rock with the Foundation Stone.
== History ==
== History ==
After the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in AD 70, Jerusalem was rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina. Emperor [[Hadrian]] built a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount in 135. In 325, Emperor Constantine tore down this temple.<ref>"[https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-dome-of-rock.htm The Temple in Jerusalem was not located over the Dome of the Rock]"</ref>
After the Romans destroyed the Second Temple in AD 70, Jerusalem was rebuilt as a Roman city called Aelia Capitolina. Emperor [[Hadrian]] built a temple to Jupiter on the Temple Mount in 135. In 325, Emperor Constantine tore down this temple.<ref>"[https://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-jerusalem-temple-mount-dome-of-rock.htm The Temple in Jerusalem was not located over the Dome of the Rock]"</ref>