Difference between revisions of "Ptolemy's Canon"
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| − | Ptolemy from | + | The '''Canon of Ptolemy''', '''Ptolemy's Canon''' or simply '''the Canon''', derives its name from the astronomer [[Ptolemy of Alexandria]]. He used the old reginal dating system and fused it with astronomical events to create a list of kings in [[Babylonia]] and the [[Near East]] with corelating and dates of their reign from Assyrian times through to the successors of [[Alexander the Great|Alexander]]: yet it is critical to note that ''the purpose of the Canon was not to date kings, but rather to date astronomica phenomena.'' |
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==Accuracy== | ==Accuracy== | ||
| − | While | + | While ''the Canon'' is considered to be one of the main and essential texts regarding the history of this period, its accuracy is known to not be absolutely perfect. |
| − | * [[Neriglissar|Neriglissar's]] accepted successor [[Labashi-Marduk]] (which '''is''' on the [[Uruk King List]]) | + | This was because to [[Ptolemy of Alexandria|Ptolemy]] the important information was the passage to the years/time in which to record his list of astronomica phenomena. Thus he merged the established form of [[reginal time]] that people were familiar with and could relate to and populated that time data with his astronomical records; in short he never had any intention of creating a historically accurate king list. For example (but not limited to), '''it does not contain''': |
| + | |||
| + | * [[Neriglissar|Neriglissar's]] accepted successor [[Labashi-Marduk]] who may have only reigned one to three months at most (which '''is on''' on the [[Uruk King List]]) | ||
* the debated [[Cyaxares II]] (which '''is not''' on the [[Uruk King List]]) | * the debated [[Cyaxares II]] (which '''is not''' on the [[Uruk King List]]) | ||
* the accepted Magi [[False Smerdis]] (which '''is not''' on the [[Uruk King List]]). | * the accepted Magi [[False Smerdis]] (which '''is not''' on the [[Uruk King List]]). | ||
| + | * the known Marduk-zakir-šumi and Marduk-bêl-iddin as they were not recognized by the Babylonians | ||
| + | * [[Sennacherib]], who had destroyed Babylon. | ||
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| + | Therefore regarding ''Ptolemy's Canon'', it is now commonly accepted that ''the Canon'' excludes "kings who reigned for less than one year".<ref>https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/<br />retrieved 10-04-2023</ref> For example, kings who died somewhere during the year were generally allowed to give their regency to the entirety of the calander year with the next king who may have ascended in July to nominally begin their reign on the first day of the following year: [[Labashi-Marduk]] is a great example of this principle as he is lost to the more dominant reigns of both [[Neriglissar]] and [[Nabonidas]]. | ||
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| + | ==Ptolemy's effective king List== | ||
| + | a full table is inbound, but for now such a table may be found at: | ||
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| + | https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | ! No. !! Name !! Name (Modern) !! Regnal Years !! Simplified Dates | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 01 || [[Nabonassaros]] || Nabû-Nasir || 14 || 747-734 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 02 || [[Nadios]] || Nabû-nadin-zer || 02 || 733-732 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 03 || [[Chinzer and Poro]] || Tiglath-Pileser III || 05 || 731-727 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 04 || [[Iloulaios]] || Šalmaneser V || 05 || 726-722 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 05 || [[Mardokempados]] || Marduk-apla-iddina II || 12 || 721-710 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 06 || [[Arkeanos]] || Sargon II || 06 || 709-704 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 06 || Without kings || (Marduk-zakir-šumi and Marduk-bêl-iddin<br /> were not recognized by the Babylonians) || 02 || 704-703 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 21 || [[Kyros]] || [[Cyrus II the Great]] || 09 || 538-530 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 21 || [[Kambysos]] || [[Cambyses II]] || 08 || 529-522 | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | 22 || [[Dareios the First]] || [[Darius I|Darius I the Great]] || 36 || 521-486 | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
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''Uruk King List'', https://www.livius.org/sources/content/uruk-king-list/ | ''Uruk King List'', https://www.livius.org/sources/content/uruk-king-list/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 23:20, April 9, 2023
The Canon of Ptolemy, Ptolemy's Canon or simply the Canon, derives its name from the astronomer Ptolemy of Alexandria. He used the old reginal dating system and fused it with astronomical events to create a list of kings in Babylonia and the Near East with corelating and dates of their reign from Assyrian times through to the successors of Alexander: yet it is critical to note that the purpose of the Canon was not to date kings, but rather to date astronomica phenomena.
Accuracy
While the Canon is considered to be one of the main and essential texts regarding the history of this period, its accuracy is known to not be absolutely perfect.
This was because to Ptolemy the important information was the passage to the years/time in which to record his list of astronomica phenomena. Thus he merged the established form of reginal time that people were familiar with and could relate to and populated that time data with his astronomical records; in short he never had any intention of creating a historically accurate king list. For example (but not limited to), it does not contain:
- Neriglissar's accepted successor Labashi-Marduk who may have only reigned one to three months at most (which is on on the Uruk King List)
- the debated Cyaxares II (which is not on the Uruk King List)
- the accepted Magi False Smerdis (which is not on the Uruk King List).
- the known Marduk-zakir-šumi and Marduk-bêl-iddin as they were not recognized by the Babylonians
- Sennacherib, who had destroyed Babylon.
Therefore regarding Ptolemy's Canon, it is now commonly accepted that the Canon excludes "kings who reigned for less than one year".[1] For example, kings who died somewhere during the year were generally allowed to give their regency to the entirety of the calander year with the next king who may have ascended in July to nominally begin their reign on the first day of the following year: Labashi-Marduk is a great example of this principle as he is lost to the more dominant reigns of both Neriglissar and Nabonidas.
Ptolemy's effective king List
a full table is inbound, but for now such a table may be found at:
https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/
| No. | Name | Name (Modern) | Regnal Years | Simplified Dates |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Nabonassaros | Nabû-Nasir | 14 | 747-734 |
| 02 | Nadios | Nabû-nadin-zer | 02 | 733-732 |
| 03 | Chinzer and Poro | Tiglath-Pileser III | 05 | 731-727 |
| 04 | Iloulaios | Šalmaneser V | 05 | 726-722 |
| 05 | Mardokempados | Marduk-apla-iddina II | 12 | 721-710 |
| 06 | Arkeanos | Sargon II | 06 | 709-704 |
| 06 | Without kings | (Marduk-zakir-šumi and Marduk-bêl-iddin were not recognized by the Babylonians) |
02 | 704-703 |
| 21 | Kyros | Cyrus II the Great | 09 | 538-530 |
| 21 | Kambysos | Cambyses II | 08 | 529-522 |
| 22 | Dareios the First | Darius I the Great | 36 | 521-486 |
External Links
Ptolemy's Canon, https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/
Uruk King List, https://www.livius.org/sources/content/uruk-king-list/
References
- ↑ https://www.livius.org/articles/concept/ptolemys-canon/
retrieved 10-04-2023