Difference between revisions of "Great Schism"

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==Western Schisms==
 
==Western Schisms==
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The ''Western Schism'' of (1378-1417) was an argument within the Roman Catholic Church provoked by the French bishops resulting in French cardinals electing an "[[antipope]]" (Clement VII of Avignon, France) in order to dispute the authority of the recently elected Pope Urban VI, even though he had been lawfully elected by the majority of the [[cardinal]]s in the electoral conclave.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Urban-VI Urban VI: Pope (britannica.com)]</ref> In 1409, a third antipope (John XXIII) existed in Pisa, Italy.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia 1913, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13539a.htm</ref><br> This and other controversies set the stage for the [[Protestant Reformation]] started by Martin Luther in 1517. It also was one of the reasons used for King Henry VIII in 1536 having Parliament name him head of the Church in England replacing the Pope at title still held by British kings see [[Anglicanism]].<br> The '''[[Old Catholic Church]]''' originated in 1870 over a dispute with the First Vatican Council<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/oppositioninfall00sparuoft/oppositioninfall00sparuoft_djvu.txt Full text of '''Roman Catholic Opposition to Papal Infallibility''' (archive.org)] ''The page display format is a typewritten text''.</ref>. The [[Society of St. Pius X]] spilt in 1970 over a dispute with the Second Vatican Council <ref>http://www.sspx.org/SSPX_FAQs/appendix_iii_history_5.htm</ref>, over ending Latin mass and other issuses.
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The ''Western Schism'' of (1378-1417) was an argument within the Roman Catholic Church provoked by the French bishops resulting in French cardinals electing an "[[antipope]]" (Clement VII of Avignon, France) in order to dispute the authority of the recently elected Pope Urban VI, even though he had been lawfully elected by the majority of the [[cardinal]]s in the electoral conclave.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Urban-VI Urban VI: Pope (britannica.com)]</ref> In 1409, a third antipope (John XXIII) existed in Pisa, Italy.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia 1913, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13539a.htm</ref><br> This and other controversies set the stage for the [[Protestant Reformation]] started by Martin Luther in 1517. It also was one of the reasons used for King Henry VIII in 1536 having Parliament name him head of the Church in England replacing the Pope at title still held by British kings see [[Anglicanism]].<br> The '''[[Old Catholic Church]]''' originated in 1870 over a dispute with the First Vatican Council<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/oppositioninfall00sparuoft/oppositioninfall00sparuoft_djvu.txt Full text of '''Roman Catholic Opposition to Papal Infallibility''' (archive.org)] ''The page display format is a typewritten text''.</ref>. The [[Society of St. Pius X]] spilt in 1970 over a dispute with the Second Vatican Council <ref>http://www.sspx.org/SSPX_FAQs/appendix_iii_history_5.htm</ref>, over ending Latin mass and other issues.
  
 
See Romans 13:1-5 and Hebrews 13:17
 
See Romans 13:1-5 and Hebrews 13:17

Revision as of 17:24, October 17, 2025

The phrase The Great Schism is used to mean two different things Catholic and Orthodox Churches Schism & Western Schism:

Catholic and Orthodox Churches Great Schism

The East-West Schism of 1054 was the separation of the Eastern Orthodox Church and Western ("Roman Catholic") branches of the Christian Church. Which basically created two churches. The "First Among Equals" title was lost by the Roman Pope and given to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople who is the leader of most of the Orthodox Autocephalous Churches since 1054. Publicly the dispute centered on the Apostles' Creed [1] which was updated into two versions(Eastern vs Western) of the Nicene Creed [2]; the RC Church starting in the 1960s to often use the undisputed Apostles' Creed again. Most Orthodox churches also support the rule that bishops acting together can order a superior bishop/patriarch/pope to retire as form of discipline; this rule was dropped by the Roman Catholic Church.
Over two-thirds of Christians sided with the Pope in 1054. The larger Roman Catholic has had major Schisms since then see Western Schisms below. However, the smaller Orthodox Churches since each one is Autocephalous (autonomous) never a major Schism and are still united under the Ecumenical Patriarch.
Pope Paul VI and Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I, in 1965, lifted the mutual excommunications [3] that had been imposed during the Great Schism of 1054, marking a significant step towards reconciliation. However, this act did not restore full communion between the Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

Western Schisms

The Western Schism of (1378-1417) was an argument within the Roman Catholic Church provoked by the French bishops resulting in French cardinals electing an "antipope" (Clement VII of Avignon, France) in order to dispute the authority of the recently elected Pope Urban VI, even though he had been lawfully elected by the majority of the cardinals in the electoral conclave.[4] In 1409, a third antipope (John XXIII) existed in Pisa, Italy.[5]
This and other controversies set the stage for the Protestant Reformation started by Martin Luther in 1517. It also was one of the reasons used for King Henry VIII in 1536 having Parliament name him head of the Church in England replacing the Pope at title still held by British kings see Anglicanism.
The Old Catholic Church originated in 1870 over a dispute with the First Vatican Council[6]. The Society of St. Pius X spilt in 1970 over a dispute with the Second Vatican Council [7], over ending Latin mass and other issues.

See Romans 13:1-5 and Hebrews 13:17

Chalcedonian Schism

In 451 AD the Tewahedo Coptic church[8] was formed when the Council of Chalcedon created a dispute over the nature of Christ. The patriarch of Alexandria then became know as the Coptic Pope and patriarch of Alexandria. Then the Catholic Christian Church(as the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches were known prior to 1054 AD) appointed another patriarch of Alexandria. There are two patriarchs of Alexandria to this day. See also Council of Chalcedon

No Schism with Indian Church

The Malankara Orthodox Church in India, NEVER has had a Schism with any of the other churches it was just separated by distance, so was always run as an Autocephalous church under the Catholicos of the Apostolic throne of St. Thomas.

See Also

References

  1. ↑ Apostles' Creed
  2. ↑ RC version Nicene Creed
  3. ↑ https://www.goarch.org/-/50th-commemoration-of-the-common-lifting-of-anathemas-between-the-orthodox-and-roman-catholic-churches
  4. ↑ Urban VI: Pope (britannica.com)
  5. ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia 1913, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13539a.htm
  6. ↑ Full text of Roman Catholic Opposition to Papal Infallibility (archive.org) The page display format is a typewritten text.
  7. ↑ http://www.sspx.org/SSPX_FAQs/appendix_iii_history_5.htm
  8. ↑ https://tewahedo.dk/litt/Shenouda-III/Nature-of-Christ.pdf
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