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Line 114: + − [[File:Wesley So in 2023.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Chess champion [[Wesley So]] is a devout [[Christian]] who reads the [[Bible]] daily and he attends church weekly.<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=wesley+so+Bible+reading&sca_esv=93d9039c66c2f80c&sxsrf=AE3TifMe4R0rzAbWBmGtaXQBhN8DatKzkQ%3A1752539381612&ei=9aB1aP6SJeXdwN4PhJTX0Aw&ved=0ahUKEwi-4a76zb2OAxXlLtAFHQTKFcoQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=wesley+so+Bible+reading&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiF3dlc2xleSBzbyBCaWJsZSByZWFkaW5nMgUQIRigATIFECEYoAEyBRAhGKABMgUQIRigATIFECEYoAFIuCxQggZY8SlwAXgBkAEAmAGdAaAB4w6qAQQwLjE0uAEDyAEA-AEBmAIPoAKdD8ICChAAGLADGNYEGEfCAg0QLhiABBiwAxhDGIoFwgIOEAAYsAMY5AIY1gTYAQHCAhMQLhiABBiwAxhDGMgDGIoF2AEBwgIKEAAYgAQYQxiKBcICBRAuGIAEwgIFEAAYgATCAgsQABiABBiRAhiKBcICBhAAGBYYHsICCBAAGBYYChgewgILEAAYgAQYhgMYigXCAggQABiABBiiBMICBRAAGO8FwgIFECEYqwKYAwCIBgGQBhG6BgYIARABGAmSBwQxLjE0oAf5PbIHBDAuMTS4B5MPwgcIMC4xMC40LjHIBy0&sclient=gws-wiz-serp Wesley So Bible reading]</ref> ]]+ Line 138:
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clean up, typos fixed: Encyclopedia Britannica → Encyclopædia Britannica, 1888-1942 → 1888–1942 (2)
*[https://www.chess.com/openings Chess openings]
*[https://www.chess.com/openings Chess openings]
[[File:Wesley So in 2023.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Chess champion [[Wesley So]] is a devout [[Christian]] who reads the [[Bible]] daily and he attends church weekly.<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=wesley+so+Bible+reading&sca_esv=93d9039c66c2f80c&sxsrf=AE3TifMe4R0rzAbWBmGtaXQBhN8DatKzkQ%3A1752539381612&ei=9aB1aP6SJeXdwN4PhJTX0Aw&ved=0ahUKEwi-4a76zb2OAxXlLtAFHQTKFcoQ4dUDCBA&uact=5&oq=wesley+so+Bible+reading&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiF3dlc2xleSBzbyBCaWJsZSByZWFkaW5nMgUQIRigATIFECEYoAEyBRAhGKABMgUQIRigATIFECEYoAFIuCxQggZY8SlwAXgBkAEAmAGdAaAB4w6qAQQwLjE0uAEDyAEA-AEBmAIPoAKdD8ICChAAGLADGNYEGEfCAg0QLhiABBiwAxhDGIoFwgIOEAAYsAMY5AIY1gTYAQHCAhMQLhiABBiwAxhDGMgDGIoF2AEBwgIKEAAYgAQYQxiKBcICBRAuGIAEwgIFEAAYgATCAgsQABiABBiRAhiKBcICBhAAGBYYHsICCBAAGBYYChgewgILEAAYgAQYhgMYigXCAggQABiABBiiBMICBRAAGO8FwgIFECEYqwKYAwCIBgGQBhG6BgYIARABGAmSBwQxLjE0oAf5PbIHBDAuMTS4B5MPwgcIMC4xMC40LjHIBy0&sclient=gws-wiz-serp Wesley So Bible reading]</ref> ]]
=== Chess middlegame ===
=== Chess middlegame ===
Chess.com indicates: "The middlegame is, as its name implies, the middle part of a chess game, after the opening and before the endgame. The middlegame is often the most complex and important phase of the game, and most games are decided here. Even if an endgame is reached, "winning endings" and "drawn endings" are usually created in the middlegame."<ref>[https://www.chess.com/terms/chess-middlegame Chess middlegame]</ref>
Chess.com indicates: "The middlegame is, as its name implies, the middle part of a chess game, after the opening and before the endgame. The middlegame is often the most complex and important phase of the game, and most games are decided here. Even if an endgame is reached, "winning endings" and "drawn endings" are usually created in the middlegame."<ref>[https://www.chess.com/terms/chess-middlegame Chess middlegame]</ref>
*'''Checkmate''': The winning player checkmates his opponent's King (see below).
*'''Checkmate''': The winning player checkmates his opponent's King (see below).
[[File:José Raúl Capablanca 1931.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|[[Jose Raul Capablanca|José Raúl Capablanca]] (1888-1942) is considered one of the top five [[chess]] players of all time.]]
[[File:José Raúl Capablanca 1931.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|[[Jose Raul Capablanca|José Raúl Capablanca]] (1888–1942) is considered one of the top five chess players of all time.]]
*'''Resignation''': The losing player, facing an inevitable future checkmate, ''resigns'' rather than play out an extended series of hopeless moves. A player may indicate resignation by toppling his king on its side.
*'''Resignation''': The losing player, facing an inevitable future checkmate, ''resigns'' rather than play out an extended series of hopeless moves. A player may indicate resignation by toppling his king on its side.
*'''Loss on Time''': In games with a time limit, a player may lose by failing to make a time control, causing his clock to run out.
*'''Loss on Time''': In games with a time limit, a player may lose by failing to make a time control, causing his clock to run out.
== Chess and cognitive ability: Journal article ==
== Chess and cognitive ability: Journal article ==
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289616301593#:~:text=Furthermore%2C%20the%20stronger%20players%20had,scale%20IQ%20and%20chess%20rating. The relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill: A comprehensive meta-analysis], ''Intelligence'', Volume 59, November–December 2016, Pages 72-83
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0160289616301593#:~:text=Furthermore%2C%20the%20stronger%20players%20had,scale%20IQ%20and%20chess%20rating. The relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill: A comprehensive meta-analysis], ''Intelligence'', Volume 59, November–December 2016, Pages 72–83
== Chess mastery and memory improvement ==
== Chess mastery and memory improvement ==
=== Journal articles on improving one's chess game via memory improvement techniques ===
=== Journal articles on improving one's chess game via memory improvement techniques ===
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010028596900110 ''Templates in Chess Memory: A Mechanism for Recalling Several Boards''] by Fernand Gobet and Herbert A. Simon, ''Cognitive Psychology'', Volume 31, Issue 1, August 1996, Pages 1-40
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010028596900110 ''Templates in Chess Memory: A Mechanism for Recalling Several Boards''] by Fernand Gobet and Herbert A. Simon, ''Cognitive Psychology'', Volume 31, Issue 1, August 1996, Pages 1–40
=== Journal articles on chess and mnemonics ===
=== Journal articles on chess and mnemonics ===
==External links==
==External links==
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/chess Chess], Encyclopedia Britannica
*[https://www.britannica.com/topic/chess Chess], Encyclopædia Britannica
*[https://www.houseofstaunton.com/history-of-chess History of Chess]
*[https://www.houseofstaunton.com/history-of-chess History of Chess]
*[https://willproject.org/training/chess-for-personal-growth/ Chess as a Tool for Personal Growth]
*[https://willproject.org/training/chess-for-personal-growth/ Chess as a Tool for Personal Growth]