Ptolemies

The Ptolemies were a Macedonian dynasty, descended from one of Alexander the Great's officers, that ruled Egypt from 323 to 30 B.C.

From their magnificent capital at Alexandria, the Ptolemies oversaw a system largely put in place by the earlier Pharoahs to extract the wealth of the land. The last ruling Ptolemy was Cleopatra before the Romans took over Egypt and ruled it as a province.

Sources

The Earth and Its Peoples A Global History, Bulliet et al, 2005.