Changes

It was Plato, who made ''idea'' a technical term in philosophy, a world of abstract ideas [[idealism]]; Aristotle on the contrary, shows the real dwells in the objects of sense; he thought that the natural world needed to be studied and observed for knowledge to be gained. His theory of act and potentiality, of form and ''matter'', is a new solution of the relations between the permanent and the changing; following the first attempts of the [[Presocratic Philosophy]] that conducted to [[Materialism]], ''Aristotle reproaches the Ionian philosophers in general with attempting to explain the evolution of the world without the Nous (intelligence); he regarded [[Protagoras]], who first introduced a spiritual principle, as a sober man among the inebriated.''

It was Plato, who made ''idea'' a technical term in philosophy, a world of abstract ideas [[idealism]]; Aristotle on the contrary, shows the real dwells in the objects of sense; he thought that the natural world needed to be studied and observed for knowledge to be gained. His theory of act and potentiality, of form and ''matter'', is a new solution of the relations between the permanent and the changing; following the first attempts of the [[Presocratic Philosophy]] that conducted to [[Materialism]], ''Aristotle reproaches the Ionian philosophers in general with attempting to explain the evolution of the world without the Nous (intelligence); he regarded [[Protagoras]], who first introduced a spiritual principle, as a sober man among the inebriated.''

 

=== Medieval era ===

=== Medieval era ===

In the West, until the twelfth century, little was known of Plato and Aristotle, except a few dialogues  and some treatises on logic. [[Anselm of Canterbury|St. Anselm]] (1O33-1109) made a first attempt at systematizing [[Scholasticism|Scholastic philosophy]]. Some decades later, the Arabic and Byzantine thinkers entered into relation with Western culture, and affecting a philosophical revival; translations of the ancient authors were made and the works of [[Avicenna]] and [[Averroes]] became better known. In the thirteenth century important names appear: Alexander of Hales, St. Bonaventure, [[Albertus Magnus]], [[St. Thomas Aquinas]], and in the following century: William of Occam, Eckhart and Nicholas of Cusa, and later [[Thomas More]] and Grotius. <ref> [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12025c.htm Philosophy] Catholic Encyclopedia. </ref>

In the West, until the twelfth century, little was known of Plato and Aristotle, except a few dialogues  and some treatises on logic. [[Anselm of Canterbury|St. Anselm]] (1O33-1109) made a first attempt at systematizing [[Scholasticism|Scholastic philosophy]]. Some decades later, the Arabic and Byzantine thinkers entered into relation with Western culture, and affecting a philosophical revival; translations of the ancient authors were made and the works of [[Avicenna]] and [[Averroes]] became better known. In the thirteenth century important names appear: Alexander of Hales, St. Bonaventure, [[Albertus Magnus]], [[St. Thomas Aquinas]], and in the following century: William of Occam, Eckhart and Nicholas of Cusa, and later [[Thomas More]] and Grotius. (cf: [[Ibidem]] Catholic Encyclopedia.)

Classifications of Philosophy in this period are mostly akin to the Platonic division into [[logic]], [[ethics]], and [[physics]].

Classifications of Philosophy in this period are mostly akin to the Platonic division into [[logic]], [[ethics]], and [[physics]].