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'''Trans-Neptunian Objects''' are objects that lie outside the orbit of Neptune.  The objects are too small to have been discovered until only recently. Pluto was the first trans-Neptunian object to be discovered in 1930.<ref>http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/trans_neptunian_objects/</ref> The [[Kuiper belt]], [[Scattered disk]], and [[Oort Cloud]] are names for three divisions of this volume of space.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/trans-neptunian-object</ref>
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{{OortKuiperSedna}}'''Trans-Neptunian Objects''' are objects having [[semi-major axis|semi-major axes]] larger than that of the [[planet]] [[Neptune]].<ref name=planetsoc1>"[http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/trans_neptunian_objects/ Space Topics: Trans-Neptunian Objects]." The Planetary Society, n.d. Accessed June 24, 2008.</ref>
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== List of Trans-Neptunian Objects ==
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== Naming conventions ==
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A significant number of [[Astronomy|astronomers]] today insist that all trans-Neptunian objects, regardless of whether Neptune has any gravitational influence upon them, should be called [[Kuiper belt]] objects.<ref name=Jewitt>Jewitt, David. "[http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/kb.html Kuiper Belt]." University of Hawaii, n.d. Accessed June 20, 2008.</ref><ref name=Johnston>Johnston, William Robert. "[http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnos.html Trans-Neptunian Objects]." October 1, 2007. Accessed June 24, 2008.</ref>But today, an increasing number of astronomers distinguish the Kuiper belt from other trans-Neptunian regions, primarily using orbital characteristics as the criterion for this distinction.<ref name=planetsoc2>"[http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/trans_neptunian_objects/facts.html Types of Trans-Neptunian Objects]." The Planetary Society, n.d. Accessed June 24, 2008.</ref>
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The list is long - a link to a website at [[Harvard]] with a list of Trans-Neptunian objects can be found here:<br />
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== Primary theoretical considerations ==
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=== As sources of comets ===
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Since 1951, when [[Gerard P. Kuiper]] published his original hypothesis concerning non-accreted icy remnants of the [[nebula hypothesis|solar nebula]], trans-Neptunian objects, by whatever name, have been held to be the source of [[comets]], of periods long or short.
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=== Origins ===
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All these objects (except for the hypothetical [[Nemesis]]) are supposed to be remnants of the formation of the [[solar system]] that could not accrete into planets. Most of these objects, except for the most distant objects in the [[scattered disk]], are supposed to have moved into their present orbits under the gravitational influence of [[Neptune]].
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[http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/iau/lists/TNOs.html List Of Transneptunian Objects]
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== Classes of trans-Neptunian objects ==
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{{Invert-property|Member of|Includes}}[[Image:LargeTNO.jpg|250px|right]]Trans-Neptunian objects today belong to four major classes (not counting the [[Centaurs]], an entirely different class of object):
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== Notable Trans-Neptunian Objects ==
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* The [[Kuiper belt]], containing those objects that remain between 30 and 50 AU distant from the [[Sun]]<ref name=planetsoc2/>
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* The [[scattered disk]], containing objects having [[apsis|perihelia]] of 30 AU or greater and semi-major axes of 50 AU or greater.<ref name=planetsoc2/>
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* The [[Oort cloud]], the hypothetical and probably factitious sphere of icy objects held to be the source of long-period comets<ref name=planetsoc2/>
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* [[Nemesis]], the hypothetical and probably factitious red or brown dwarf [[star]] that is supposed to enter the Oort cloud and perturb it once every 26 million years.
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Pluto, dwarf planet<br />
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== Discovery and observation ==
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Charon, the largest moon of Pluto<br />
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The first-ever trans-Neptunian object to be discovered was the [[dwarf planet]] [[Pluto]] in 1930. The next was Pluto's largest satellite [[Charon]] in 1978.<ref name=Whitman>Whitman, Justine. "[http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/astronomy/q0270.shtml Pluto and the Kuiper Belt]." <Aerospaceweb.org>, Apriil 16, 2006. Accessed June 24, 2008.</ref> After the discovery of object [[1992 QB1]], astronomers have discovered more than 800 of these objects, but not nearly as many as some astronomers have predicted. Other notable TNO's that have been discovered include:
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(15760) 1992 QB1, the prototype cubewano, the first Kuiper belt object discovered after Pluto and Charon<br />
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(15874) 1996 TL66, the first scattered disk object to be recognized<br />
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(48639) 1995 TL8, the earliest discovered scattered disc object, and a binary
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1993 RO, the next plutino discovered after Pluto<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/trans-neptunian-object</ref><br />  
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* (15874) 1996 TL66, the first scattered disk object to be recognized
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* (48639) 1995 TL8, the earliest discovered scattered disc object, and a binary
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* 1993 RO, the next plutino discovered after Pluto<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/trans-neptunian-object</ref>
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The [[New Horizons mission|New Horizons]] rocket probe, now on its way to [[Pluto]], will be the first rocket probe to study a Trans-Neptunian object. Mission planners hope to steer the probe to study at least two other Kuiper belt objects in addition to Pluto.
    
== References ==
 
== References ==
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{{reflist|2}}
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<references/>
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== Related Links ==
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* [http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/TNOs.html List of Transneptunian Objects]." [[Harvard University]], Cambridge, [[Massachusetts]]. Updated daily. Accessed June 24, 2008.
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{{Solarsystem}}
 
{{Solarsystem}}
 
[[Category:Astronomy]]
 
[[Category:Astronomy]]
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