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[[Image:Michelangelo Crucifix from the Santo Spirito Convent..jpg|180px|right|Crucifix from the Santo Spirito Convent]]

[[Image:Michelangelo Crucifix from the Santo Spirito Convent..jpg|180px|right|Crucifix from the Santo Spirito Convent]]

The pouring ( MaSHaH) of oil on the head of a person was often the sign of the chosing of  the person for fulfilling  a role according a role given by God. Kings and prophets were annointed, even Kings that were not of Israel That is why the Persian King Cyrus was an Annointed of God M'SHiiHi (My annointed), as he would be used to bring the exiled people of God back home. As time went on, it was understood that One would come to fullfill the will of God for His people. Sometimes, in the Hebrew and Aramaic Biblical and Post Biblical periods, the Messiah of God was identified by the prophets and the rabbis after them with a Servant who seemed to emerge more clearly from the pages of the Tenakh (Old Testament) as time went on, and sometimes with a "Son".  Yet, there seem to be a parting of the ways as far as the roles of the Messiah as shown in the Scriptures. On one hand, it was clear that He was to be of the line of Abraham, through Judah, and on down through King David, and He too would be endowed with royalty, with honor, and with the obedience due Him and His rule in the affair of men would be absolute, ushering in the time of peace, righteousness, stability, and fruitfulness among the society of men and of nature itself, even changing the very norms of the natural - the lion and the lamb, the child and the viper, together with out harm, in all of God's holy mountain.  On the other hand, both prophet and rabbi recognized, along with this King Messiah, the son of David, there was someone else, someone hidden, then revealed, bit by bit, only to be rejected, not only by the kings of the earth, but by His own people, but in some strange way, only dimly realized, His rejection was the very Will of God and the purpose of it was to bear sins and transgression for His own people, to sacrifice Himself to bring forgiveness and healing, to die. But even more dimly, they would see His life regained once again and because of that a benefit to the world to all that come to Him that would receive it and the way of God through Him. These "two Messiahs" remains two for orthodox Judaism, with by far, the emphasis on the Royal King Messiah, whereas in Christianity, they find their resolution the Death and Resurrection of the One Messiah,Jesus of Nazareth.  Commenting on the Son of Psalm 2, "The Rabbis have said that this means the Messiah, the Son of David, who is to come quickly in our time. The Holy One will say to him: ‘Ask of me, and I will give it to you,’ as it is said... ‘this day I have begotten you; ask of me, and I will make the nations your inheritance.’ And because he saw the Messiah, the Son of Joseph, who was killed… I will ask you for nothing more than life…" (Sukka 52a) Here in summary are some of the two lines of prophetic Scriptures, the one of Messiah ben David, and the other of Messiah ben Yosef.  

When God publicly chose a person to fulfill a role, He often symbolized that choice by anointing ( MaSHaH) him with oil.  Kings and prophets - even foreign kings - were anointed.  Thus, David refers to Saul as "the LORD's anointed," and God Himself calls even the Persian King Cyrus "My Anointed" (M'SHiiHi), as He had chosen him to bring the exiled people of God back home.

'''MESSIAH SON OF DAVID:'''

As time went on, it was understood that One would come to fulfill the will of God for His people. Sometimes, in the Hebrew and Aramaic Biblical and Post Biblical periods, the Messiah of God was identified by the prophets and the rabbis after them with a Servant who seemed to emerge more clearly from the pages of the [[Tanakh]] (Old Testament) as time went on, and sometimes with a "Son".  Yet, there seem to be a parting of the ways as far as the roles of the Messiah as shown in the Scriptures. On one hand, it was clear that He was to be "Messiah son of David," of the line of [[Abraham]], [[Isaac]], [[Jacob]], and [[King David]], David's Heir on the throne, with absolute obedience from every tribe and people and language and nation.  He would usher in the time of peace, righteousness, stability, and fruitfulness among the society of men and of nature itself, even changing the very norms of the natural - the lion and the lamb, the child and the viper, would live together without harm on God's holy mountain.  On the other hand, both prophet and rabbi recognized, along with this King Messiah son of David, there was someone else, someone hidden, then revealed, bit by bit, only to be rejected, not only by the kings of the earth, but by His own people, but in some strange way, only dimly realized, His rejection was the very Will of God and the purpose of it was to bear sins and transgression for His own people, to sacrifice Himself to bring forgiveness and healing, to die. But even more dimly, they would see His life regained once again and because of that a benefit to the world to all that come to Him that would receive it and the way of God through Him.  The rabbis called him "Messiah son of Joseph."

 

 

==Messiah son of David:==

* Old Testament:

* Old Testament:

I see Him, but not now; I behold Him, but not near; A Star shall come out of Jacob; a Scepter shall rise out of Israel... Out of Jacob One shall have dominion, and destroy the remains of the city. Numbers 24:17-19  

{{Bible quote|I see Him, but not now; I behold Him, but not near; A Star shall come out of Jacob; a Scepter shall rise out of Israel... Out of Jacob One shall have dominion, and destroy the remains of the city. |book=Numbers|chap=24|verses=17-19}}

..but when a mighty king of the house of Jacob shall reign, and shall be anointed Messiah, wielding the mighty scepter of Israel, He will slay the princes of Moab.... (Num 24:17, Targum Jonathan)  

..but when a mighty king of the house of Jacob shall reign, and shall be anointed Messiah, wielding the mighty scepter of Israel, He will slay the princes of Moab.... (Num 24:17, Targum Jonathan)  

* Old Testament:

* Old Testament:

“Behold, the days are coming,” says the LORD, “That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; a King shall reign and prosper, and execute judgment and righteousness in the earth. In His days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely. now this is His name by which He will be called: THE LORD (YHWH) OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.” Jeremiah 23:5-6  

{{Bible quote|“Behold, the days are coming,” says the LORD, “That I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; a King shall reign and prosper, and execute judgment and righteousness in the earth. In His days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely. now this is His name by which He will be called: THE LORD (YHWH) OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS.” |book=Jeremiah|chap=23|verses=5-6}}

This prophecy speaks of a certain descendant of David who will be a "branch of righteousness" and king, will save Judah and Israel, and will be called "YHWH Our Righteousness" (יהוה צדקנו). The [[Talmud]] tells us that Rabbis Shmuel Ben Nahman (260 AD) and Abba Bar Kahana (300 AD) came to the conclusion that this divine name, "YHWH our Righteousness" is none other than "the name of the Messiah" (Baba Bathra 75b, cf. Santala, p. 64).  

This prophecy speaks of a certain descendant of David who will be a "branch of righteousness" and king, will save Judah and Israel, and will be called "YHWH Our Righteousness" (יהוה צדקנו). The [[Talmud]] tells us that Rabbis Shmuel Ben Nahman (260 AD) and Abba Bar Kahana (300 AD) came to the conclusion that this divine name, "YHWH our Righteousness" is none other than "the name of the Messiah" (Baba Bathra 75b, cf. Santala, p. 64).  

* Old Testament:

* Old Testament:

Both RaDaQ (Rabbi David Qimhi) and Rashi say about Ezek 34 that "my shepherd David" is the Messiah. RaDaQ also states of the prophecy in Ezekiel 37 that 'my shepherd David' is the Messiah-King. He is called David because he is of David's seed." (cf. Santala, p. 177)

Both RaDaQ (Rabbi David Qimhi) and Rashi say about Ezek 34 that "my shepherd David" is the Messiah. RaDaQ also states of the prophecy in Ezekiel 37 that 'my shepherd David' is the Messiah-King. He is called David because he is of David's seed." (cf. Santala, p. 177)

* Old testament:

* Old testament:

Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King is coming to you; he is just and having salvation, lowly and riding on a donkey, a colt, the foal of a donkey. Zechariah 9:9  

{{Bible quote|Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout, O daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King is coming to you; he is just and having salvation, lowly and riding on a donkey, a colt, the foal of a donkey. |book=Zechariah|chap=9|verses=9 }}

“Just as there was a First Saviour so there will be a Last. Just as it is said of the First Saviour (Ex 4:20) that ‘He took his wife and sons and put them on a donkey’, so it is said of the Last Saviour that ‘He is lowly and riding on a donkey’ (Zech 9:9). (Midrash Qoheleth Rabbati 1) (cf. Santala, p. 59) Jesus indeed rode into Jerusalem on a donkey, as a sign of lowliness and subjection, yet also as the sign of his Messianic kingship:  

“Just as there was a First Saviour so there will be a Last. Just as it is said of the First Saviour (Ex 4:20) that ‘He took his wife and sons and put them on a donkey’, so it is said of the Last Saviour that ‘He is lowly and riding on a donkey’ (Zech 9:9). (Midrash Qoheleth Rabbati 1) (cf. Santala, p. 59) Jesus indeed rode into Jerusalem on a donkey, as a sign of lowliness and subjection, yet also as the sign of his Messianic kingship:  

* Old Testament:   

* Old Testament:   

And the land shall mourn... what is the cause of the mourning?... one explained, the cause is the slaying of Messiah the son of Joseph... It is well according to him who explains that the cause is the slaying of Messiah the son of Joseph, since that well agrees with the Scriptural verse, and they shall look upon me because they thrust him through, and they shall mourn for him as one mourneth for his only son. (Sukka 52a

{{quotebox|And the land shall mourn... what is the cause of the mourning?... one explained, the cause is the slaying of Messiah the son of Joseph... It is well according to him who explains that the cause is the slaying of Messiah the son of Joseph, since that well agrees with the Scriptural verse, and they shall look upon me because they thrust him through, and they shall mourn for him as one mourneth for his only son. (Sukka 52a)}}

* Old Testament:

* Old Testament:

Surely He has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; Yet we esteemed Him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities; The chastisement for our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned, every one, to his own way; And the LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth; He was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before its shearers is silent, so He opened not His mouth... For He was cut off from the land of the living; for the transgressions of My people He was stricken. (Isa 53:4-8)

{{Bible quote|Surely He has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; Yet we esteemed Him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our iniquities; The chastisement for our peace was upon Him, and by His stripes we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned, every one, to his own way; And the LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed and He was afflicted, yet He opened not His mouth; He was led as a lamb to the slaughter, and as a sheep before its shearers is silent, so He opened not His mouth... For He was cut off from the land of the living; for the transgressions of My people He was stricken. |book=Isaiah|chap=53|verses=4-8}}

The prayer from the Mahzor Rabbah, prayed on Yom Kippur, the great day of atonement:  

The prayer from the Mahzor Rabbah, prayed on Yom Kippur, the great day of atonement:  

“Then, before the creation, he already set up the Temple and the Messiah… the Messiah our righteousness has turned away from us, and can find no-one who can justify us. The yoke of our sins and our transgressions is a burden to us; and he was wounded for our transgressions, he suffered on his shoulders our iniquities; there is forgiveness for our sins. In his wounds we are healed; it is time to create forever a new creation… He is our God, our Father, our King, he is our Saviour and he will liberate and redeem us for a second time and let us hear of his grace a second time…” (Mahzor Rabbah for the Great Day of Atonement) (Santala, p. 207)  

{{quotebox|Then, before the creation, he already set up the Temple and the Messiah… the Messiah our righteousness has turned away from us, and can find no-one who can justify us. The yoke of our sins and our transgressions is a burden to us; and he was wounded for our transgressions, he suffered on his shoulders our iniquities; there is forgiveness for our sins. In his wounds we are healed; it is time to create forever a new creation… He is our God, our Father, our King, he is our Saviour and he will liberate and redeem us for a second time and let us hear of his grace a second time…” (Mahzor Rabbah for the Great Day of Atonement) (Santala, p. 207) }}

*[[Messianic Judaism]]

*[[Messianic Judaism]]

*For a list of prophecies about the Messiah together with their fulfillments, see [[Messianic Prophecies]]

*For a list of prophecies about the Messiah together with their fulfillments, see [[Messianic Prophecies]]

* Armstrong, K., ''The Battle for God'' (Harper Perennial, 2000)

* Armstrong, K., ''The Battle for God'' (Harper Perennial, 2000)