Difference between revisions of "Elephant"
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Elephants are mammals, and the largest land animals alive today. Apart from their massive size their most striking feature is a long trunk, or proboscis, a flexible nose strong enough to lift objects. Elephants' gestation period, at 22 months, is the longest of any land mammal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 120 kg (265 lb). An elephant may live as long as 70 years, sometimes longer. The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1956. It was male and weighed about 12,000 kg (26,400 lb), with a shoulder height of 4.2m, a meter taller than the average male African elephant. | Elephants are mammals, and the largest land animals alive today. Apart from their massive size their most striking feature is a long trunk, or proboscis, a flexible nose strong enough to lift objects. Elephants' gestation period, at 22 months, is the longest of any land mammal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 120 kg (265 lb). An elephant may live as long as 70 years, sometimes longer. The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1956. It was male and weighed about 12,000 kg (26,400 lb), with a shoulder height of 4.2m, a meter taller than the average male African elephant. | ||
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| + | ==Evolution== | ||
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| + | Molecular and morphological evidence point to [[hyrax|hyraxes]] and [[Sirenia|sirenians]] (sea cows and manatees) as the closest living relatives of elephants<ref> Hidenori Nishihara et al. A Retroposon Analysis of Afrotherian Phylogeny. ''Molecular Biology and Evolution'' '''22''': 1823-1833,</ref> these groups are hypothesized to have shared a common ancestor approximately 50 million years ago. The three extant species of elephant are sole survivors of a much more diverse Proboscidian fauna with some 170 described [[fossil]] species and including species of [[mammoth]] from [[North America]] and the massive ''Deinotherium'', the second largest land mammal that ever lived, which sported two downward facing tusks. | ||
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| + | ===Creationist objections === | ||
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| + | According to the young earth creationist view Elephants were created on the sixth day with the other beasts of the earth (Genesis 1:24-25) and survived the [[Great Flood]] on [[Noah's Ark]] (Genesis 7:7-8). Some creationists are incredulous to how species as apparently different as hyraxes and sirenians could be related to elephants. This objection fails to take into account the vast periods of independent evolution taken by each lineage since they last shared a common ancestor - some 50 million years. Additionally evolutionary theory predicts that intermediate forms between related groups are unlikely to be found contemporaneously as more advanced forms will out compete and replace such intermediates (this is an argument firs put forward by Darwin himself <ref> Darwin, Charles (1859), ''On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life'', London: John Murray</ref>. Some evolutionary biologists suggest elephants may have evolved from water living mammals much like modern hryaxes wich developed trunks to use as snorkels (as modern elephants, which are noted swimmers, do). | ||
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| + | In the past, there were many different types of elephants like [[mammoth|mammoths]] and [[mastodon|mastodons]], but most young earth creation scientists say that these species never made it onto the Ark and that these species{{fact}}. Scientists and scholars agree that Noah could not have trekked all the way to the arctic to collect a pair of mastodons before the earth was flooded, and they all drowned.{{fact}} [[Polar bears]] and [[penguins]] survived because both are excellent swimmers and could have swam to floating glaciers and ridden them through the [[Great Flood]]. | ||
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==Elephants in culture== | ==Elephants in culture== | ||
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The Apocryphal book [[1 Maccabees]] mentions thirty-two elephants sent by the Persian king Antiochus to attack [[Judas Machabeus]]. Numerous references are made to [[ivory]], a substance created from their tusks and worth great amounts. In more recent times, domestic elephants have been used for riding, Polo, carrying heavy loads, and [[war]] elephants. An elephant is the symbol of the [[Republican Party]]. | The Apocryphal book [[1 Maccabees]] mentions thirty-two elephants sent by the Persian king Antiochus to attack [[Judas Machabeus]]. Numerous references are made to [[ivory]], a substance created from their tusks and worth great amounts. In more recent times, domestic elephants have been used for riding, Polo, carrying heavy loads, and [[war]] elephants. An elephant is the symbol of the [[Republican Party]]. | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 02:42, March 30, 2007
The elephants are three species of very large mammals belonging to the family Elephantidae - the only extant family belonging to the order Proboscidea. The three elephant species currently recognized by scientists are the African Bush Elephant, the African Forest Elephant (until recently known collectively as the African Elephant), and the Asian Elephant (also known as the Indian Elephant).
Elephants are mammals, and the largest land animals alive today. Apart from their massive size their most striking feature is a long trunk, or proboscis, a flexible nose strong enough to lift objects. Elephants' gestation period, at 22 months, is the longest of any land mammal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 120 kg (265 lb). An elephant may live as long as 70 years, sometimes longer. The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1956. It was male and weighed about 12,000 kg (26,400 lb), with a shoulder height of 4.2m, a meter taller than the average male African elephant.
Evolution
Molecular and morphological evidence point to hyraxes and sirenians (sea cows and manatees) as the closest living relatives of elephants[1] these groups are hypothesized to have shared a common ancestor approximately 50 million years ago. The three extant species of elephant are sole survivors of a much more diverse Proboscidian fauna with some 170 described fossil species and including species of mammoth from North America and the massive Deinotherium, the second largest land mammal that ever lived, which sported two downward facing tusks.
Creationist objections
According to the young earth creationist view Elephants were created on the sixth day with the other beasts of the earth (Genesis 1:24-25) and survived the Great Flood on Noah's Ark (Genesis 7:7-8). Some creationists are incredulous to how species as apparently different as hyraxes and sirenians could be related to elephants. This objection fails to take into account the vast periods of independent evolution taken by each lineage since they last shared a common ancestor - some 50 million years. Additionally evolutionary theory predicts that intermediate forms between related groups are unlikely to be found contemporaneously as more advanced forms will out compete and replace such intermediates (this is an argument firs put forward by Darwin himself [2]. Some evolutionary biologists suggest elephants may have evolved from water living mammals much like modern hryaxes wich developed trunks to use as snorkels (as modern elephants, which are noted swimmers, do).
In the past, there were many different types of elephants like mammoths and mastodons, but most young earth creation scientists say that these species never made it onto the Ark and that these species[Citation Needed]. Scientists and scholars agree that Noah could not have trekked all the way to the arctic to collect a pair of mastodons before the earth was flooded, and they all drowned.[Citation Needed] Polar bears and penguins survived because both are excellent swimmers and could have swam to floating glaciers and ridden them through the Great Flood.
Elephants in culture
The Apocryphal book 1 Maccabees mentions thirty-two elephants sent by the Persian king Antiochus to attack Judas Machabeus. Numerous references are made to ivory, a substance created from their tusks and worth great amounts. In more recent times, domestic elephants have been used for riding, Polo, carrying heavy loads, and war elephants. An elephant is the symbol of the Republican Party.