Difference between revisions of "United front"
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:"The [[Soviet Union]] will bring to the world a new concept that is in reality a fulfillment of the [[ethics]] of [[Jesus]]. [[Communism]] will systematically crush the evil profit motive that spurs on the American economy and replace it with incentives of service and sacrifice. The United States should set for itself the same goal." <ref> [http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/rac.2005.15.1.63?cookieSet=1 The Radicalization of the Social Gospel: Harry F. Ward and the Search for a New Social Order, 18981936], CALIBER, Journals of the University of California Press, 28 January 2005.</ref> | :"The [[Soviet Union]] will bring to the world a new concept that is in reality a fulfillment of the [[ethics]] of [[Jesus]]. [[Communism]] will systematically crush the evil profit motive that spurs on the American economy and replace it with incentives of service and sacrifice. The United States should set for itself the same goal." <ref> [http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/rac.2005.15.1.63?cookieSet=1 The Radicalization of the Social Gospel: Harry F. Ward and the Search for a New Social Order, 18981936], CALIBER, Journals of the University of California Press, 28 January 2005.</ref> | ||
| + | ==China== | ||
| + | ===First United Front=== | ||
| + | In 1922 [[Chinese Nationalist]] leader [[Sun Yat-sen]] Chinese met with Soviet [[Comintern]] agent Adolf A. Joffe in Shanghai. Joffe had been sent by [[V.I. Lenin]] to seek possible allies for Soviet policy. They reached an understanding in 1923 whereby Sun Yat-sen received Soviet support for a [[First United Front|United Front]] between his nationalist Kuomintang of China party (KMT) and the Communist Pary of China (CCP). However, Sun did not endorse Communism. Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin helped reorganize the KMT on the lines of "[[democratic centralism]]" familiar in Communist parties, with leadership securely in the hands of a small group. Fighting forces were equipped and trained, and Chinese Communists—who were encouraged to joined the Kuomintang as part of the United Front agreement—did their part in [[propaganda]] and organization to prepare for the military drive by KMT's army leader [[Chiang Kai-shek]] that was to make a [[Northern Expedition]] drive out the warlords. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Second United Front=== | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
Revision as of 01:17, March 7, 2010
In Leninist theory, a united front is a coalition of left-wing "working class" forces which put forward a common set of demands and share a common plan of action, but which do not subordinate themselves to the front, retaining their abilities for independent political action and continuing to hold different political programs.
The related concept of a popular front refers to a broader coalition, which can even include so-called "bourgeois" forces, even liberals. Communists created united fronts when they found common ground with other like-minded groups.
United States
On March 18, 1933, the executive committee of the Comintern declared the adoption of a United Front policy. Its initial aim was to discredit support for reformist leadership, but meeting with little success it soon turned to anti-facsism. In 1935, the Comintern called for unity among all anti-fascist forces. In keeping with this policy, the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) openly embraced President Roosevelt and the New Deal, became vocal advocates of religious liberty and sought an alliance with the churches, the strategy being the creation of a network of front organizations which could win popular support and co-operation among the American electorate.
The Reverend Harry F. Ward, a Methodist minister and chairman of the American Civil Liberties Union, who also served on the faculty of the Union Theological Seminary in New York City, and was a key figure in the Methodist Federation for Social Service, stated publicly,
- "The Soviet Union will bring to the world a new concept that is in reality a fulfillment of the ethics of Jesus. Communism will systematically crush the evil profit motive that spurs on the American economy and replace it with incentives of service and sacrifice. The United States should set for itself the same goal." [1]
China
First United Front
In 1922 Chinese Nationalist leader Sun Yat-sen Chinese met with Soviet Comintern agent Adolf A. Joffe in Shanghai. Joffe had been sent by V.I. Lenin to seek possible allies for Soviet policy. They reached an understanding in 1923 whereby Sun Yat-sen received Soviet support for a United Front between his nationalist Kuomintang of China party (KMT) and the Communist Pary of China (CCP). However, Sun did not endorse Communism. Soviet agent Mikhail Borodin helped reorganize the KMT on the lines of "democratic centralism" familiar in Communist parties, with leadership securely in the hands of a small group. Fighting forces were equipped and trained, and Chinese Communists—who were encouraged to joined the Kuomintang as part of the United Front agreement—did their part in propaganda and organization to prepare for the military drive by KMT's army leader Chiang Kai-shek that was to make a Northern Expedition drive out the warlords.
Second United Front
References
- ↑ The Radicalization of the Social Gospel: Harry F. Ward and the Search for a New Social Order, 18981936, CALIBER, Journals of the University of California Press, 28 January 2005.