Difference between revisions of "Code of Hammurabi"
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| − | The '''Code of Hammurabi''' was an elaborate code of law established by [[Hammurabi]] | + | [[File:Hamm-code.jpg|thumb|250px|Hammurabi receives the code from Shamash, a Babylonian god; from the top of the stele]] |
| − | + | The '''Code of Hammurabi''' was an elaborate [[code (law)|code of law]] established by [[Hammurabi]], king of [[Babylon]], around 1750 BC. It is the earliest known code of law. The Code imposed harsh retributive punishment akin to the [[Bible]]'s "an eye for an eye" and punished members of lower classes more severely than those of nobles and higher classes. It mandated death for bearing false witness in court. The Code of Hammurabi was used for centuries in Babylonia and inspired other codes in the ancient Middle East. | |
| + | ==Contents== | ||
| + | In the opening prologue, Hammurabi claims that his authority comes directly from the Babylonian gods and that the purpose of the Code is "to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land… so that the strong should not harm the weak." There is to be a judicial system with elders serving as judges. Dines of money and/or grain are to be imposed on the losing party in civil suits. Precept #108 indicates that women could own at businesses. Precept #196 is the most famous: "If a man has knocked out the eye of a noble, his eye shall be knocked out." It echoes the Hebrew Bible (Exodus 21:18-19, 22-25, Leviticus 24:17-21) and in the Gospels (Matthew 5:38). | ||
| + | ==Copies== | ||
| + | The [[Louvre]] museum in Paris houses an ancient copy of the Code engraved on a conical, black basalt stele, a tower seven feet in height. It was discovered in 1901. | ||
| + | ==External links== | ||
| + | * [http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=633 "Hammurabi’s Code: What Does It Tell Us About Old Babylonia"] lesson plan | ||
| + | ==Further reading== | ||
| + | * Van De Mieroop, Marc. ''King Hammurabi of Babylon: A Biography'' (2004) [https://www.amazon.com/King-Hammurabi-Babylon-Biography-Blackwell/dp/1405126604/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1260599211&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search] | ||
| + | * Wright, David P. ''Inventing God's Law: How the Covenant Code of the Bible Used and Revised the Laws of Hammurabi'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Inventing-Gods-Law-Covenant-Hammurabi/dp/0195304756/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1260599211&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search] | ||
| + | * [http://www.questia.com/library/history/ancient-and-classical-history/middle-east/hammurabi.jsp online books and articles] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM The Code of the Hammurabi] | *[http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MESO/CODE.HTM The Code of the Hammurabi] | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Ancient History]] | |
[[Category:Law]] | [[Category:Law]] | ||
Latest revision as of 06:43, April 9, 2019
The Code of Hammurabi was an elaborate code of law established by Hammurabi, king of Babylon, around 1750 BC. It is the earliest known code of law. The Code imposed harsh retributive punishment akin to the Bible's "an eye for an eye" and punished members of lower classes more severely than those of nobles and higher classes. It mandated death for bearing false witness in court. The Code of Hammurabi was used for centuries in Babylonia and inspired other codes in the ancient Middle East.
Contents
In the opening prologue, Hammurabi claims that his authority comes directly from the Babylonian gods and that the purpose of the Code is "to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land⦠so that the strong should not harm the weak." There is to be a judicial system with elders serving as judges. Dines of money and/or grain are to be imposed on the losing party in civil suits. Precept #108 indicates that women could own at businesses. Precept #196 is the most famous: "If a man has knocked out the eye of a noble, his eye shall be knocked out." It echoes the Hebrew Bible (Exodus 21:18-19, 22-25, Leviticus 24:17-21) and in the Gospels (Matthew 5:38).
Copies
The Louvre museum in Paris houses an ancient copy of the Code engraved on a conical, black basalt stele, a tower seven feet in height. It was discovered in 1901.
External links
Further reading
- Van De Mieroop, Marc. King Hammurabi of Babylon: A Biography (2004) excerpt and text search
- Wright, David P. Inventing God's Law: How the Covenant Code of the Bible Used and Revised the Laws of Hammurabi (2009) excerpt and text search
- online books and articles