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Institute of Pacific Relations (view source)
Revision as of 17:12, April 15, 2008
, 17:12, April 15, 2008→Instrument of Soviet policy, propaganda and military intelligence: Added Budenz, Barmine, Utley allegations from FBI file
In July of 1938 IPR had a grant of $90,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation to make a study. Carter was managing it. Lattimore wrote to Carter, “I think you were pretty cagey to turn over so much of the China section of the inquiry to Asiaticus, Han-seng and Chi. They will bring out the essential [[radical]] aspects, but can be depended upon to do it with the right touch!” Lattimore went on to say "my hunch is that it will pay to keep behind the official Chinese Communist position, " and "as for the USSR—back their international policy in general, but without using their slogans, and above all without giving them or anybody else the impression of subservience." <ref>United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security Hearings, July 26, 1951.</ref> Carter appointed the three persons named by Lattimore to the study commission and defended his decision to knowingly employ Soviet communists by claiming the Soviet Union was an American ally. A [[U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]] questioner needed to point out to Carter that this particular case occurred in 1940, when the Soviet Union, by virtue of the [[Communazi Peace pact]], was not an ally of the United States, but an ally of [[Hitler]].<ref>United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security Hearings, July 25, 1951.</ref>
In July of 1938 IPR had a grant of $90,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation to make a study. Carter was managing it. Lattimore wrote to Carter, “I think you were pretty cagey to turn over so much of the China section of the inquiry to Asiaticus, Han-seng and Chi. They will bring out the essential [[radical]] aspects, but can be depended upon to do it with the right touch!” Lattimore went on to say "my hunch is that it will pay to keep behind the official Chinese Communist position, " and "as for the USSR—back their international policy in general, but without using their slogans, and above all without giving them or anybody else the impression of subservience." <ref>United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security Hearings, July 26, 1951.</ref> Carter appointed the three persons named by Lattimore to the study commission and defended his decision to knowingly employ Soviet communists by claiming the Soviet Union was an American ally. A [[U.S. Senate Internal Security Subcommittee]] questioner needed to point out to Carter that this particular case occurred in 1940, when the Soviet Union, by virtue of the [[Communazi Peace pact]], was not an ally of the United States, but an ally of [[Hitler]].<ref>United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security Hearings, July 25, 1951.</ref>
In 1948, ex-Communist Louis F. Budenz, former managing editor of the Communist Party organ ''The Daily Worker'' told Federal Bureau of Investigation agents that the Communist Party had "very great influence" in the IPR and "at times controlled its policy."<ref>FBI report: "Institute of Pacific Relations, Internal Security - C," [http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/IPR04.pdf FBI file: Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 4], p. 5 (PDF p. 7)</ref> General Alexander Barmine, former Soviet chargé d'affaires of the Soviet Legation at Athens, told FBI investigators that prior to Barmine's 1937 defection, General Ian Berzin, head of Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU), told him that IPR was a Soviet intelligence network in China. Barmine also stated that in 1937, General Walter Krivitsky, former head of the Soviet Military Intelligence in Western Europe, told him that the IPR was a "cover" for Soviet Military Intelligence in the United States.<ref>J. Edgar Hoover to James M. McInerney, "Institute of Pacific Relations, Espionage - R," April 10, 1950, [http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/IPR04.pdf FBI file: Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 4], PDF p. 150</ref> Ex-Communist Freda Utley, a former researcher at Moscow's Institute of World Economy and Politics (which would become the Soviet Council of the IPR), told Bureau investigators that it was her impression that the IPR was governed by Soviet policies, and that when officials of the American Council of IPR visited Moscow in the 1930s, it was to receive orders on IPR policies. She added her opinion that the Far Eastern section of the U.S. Department of State was influenced and guided by the policies and representation of the IPR.<ref>FBI teletype, [http://Ultra-Secret.info/PDFs/IPR05.pdf FBI file: Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 5], PDF p. 6</ref>
Lattimore recommended highly ''Challenge of Red China'', written by member of the [[Richard Sorge]] ring in Japan—[[Guenther Stein]]. Of [[Israel Epstein]]'s ''Unfinished Revolution in China'' Lattimore said: "When he pleads his case the arguments pile up like a wedge." When Lattimore resigned he was succeeded by [[Michael Greenberg]], a Communist Party member. Lattimore then became a member of the editorial board of another IPR organ, the notorious ''[[Amerasia]]'' magazine.
Lattimore recommended highly ''Challenge of Red China'', written by member of the [[Richard Sorge]] ring in Japan—[[Guenther Stein]]. Of [[Israel Epstein]]'s ''Unfinished Revolution in China'' Lattimore said: "When he pleads his case the arguments pile up like a wedge." When Lattimore resigned he was succeeded by [[Michael Greenberg]], a Communist Party member. Lattimore then became a member of the editorial board of another IPR organ, the notorious ''[[Amerasia]]'' magazine.
In 1944, Lattimore told Dr. [[Karl Wittfogel]] that the emperor of Japan should be removed and that as far as Korea was concerned "the best solution would be to let Russia take it over." At a State Department conference later he submitted a ten-point program which included recognizing the Chinese Communist government, turning over Formosa and Hong Kong to them and stating that no aid should be sent Chiang's forces.<ref> United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security Hearings, August 7 and October 1, 1951.</ref>
In 1944, Lattimore told Dr. [[Karl Wittfogel]] that the emperor of Japan should be removed and that as far as Korea was concerned "the best solution would be to let Russia take it over." At a State Department conference later he submitted a ten-point program which included recognizing the Chinese Communist government, turning over Formosa and Hong Kong to them and stating that no aid should be sent Chiang's forces.<ref> United States Senate Subcommittee on Internal Security Hearings, August 7 and October 1, 1951.</ref>
==Amerasia==
==Amerasia==
:''Main article: [[Amerasia]]''
:''Main article: [[Amerasia]]''