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'''Affirmative action''' refers to policies proposed as intended remedies for the historical effects of race or sex discrimination. This is commonly done by giving an individual a preference or advantage based their [[race]], ethnic background, or [[gender]]. [[Quotas]] are an extreme form of affirmative action.

'''Affirmative action''' refers to policies proposed to remedy the historical effects of race or sex discrimination. This is commonly done by giving an individual a preference or advantage based their [[race]], ethnic background, or [[gender]]; see [[reverse discrimination]]. [[Quotas]] are an extreme form of affirmative action.

The original concept of affirmative action, when introduced by the [[President Johnson|Johnson]] administration, was that it is desirable to not merely act on non-discrimination passively (i.e., saying "this job is open to any applicant", but then making no efforts to find minority applicants), but should also be done ''affirmatively'', by taking definite actions to find applicants from minorities.

The original concept of affirmative action, when introduced by the [[President Johnson|Johnson]] administration, was that it is desirable to not merely act on non-discrimination passively (i.e., saying "this job is open to any applicant", but then making no efforts to find minority applicants), but should also be done ''affirmatively'', by taking definite actions to find applicants from minorities.