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Expansion with brief (?) explanation of the Carmeli-Hartnett galaxy-rotation curve equation
<math>v = \bigg( \frac{1}{\tau} \bigg) r</math>
<math>v = \bigg( \frac{1}{\tau} \bigg) r</math>
where <math>\tau</math> is a constant (evaluated at 4.28 * 10<sup>17</sup> s) that is the reciprocal of the Hubble factor ''H''<sub>0</sub> in weak gravity.<ref>Evolutionistic astronomers might assume that this value gives the age of the universe; it does in fact give a value very close to the visible radius of the universe, measured in light-years. It probably does represent a value that an observer at the limits of the visible universe might measure for its age—because the Carmeli-Hartnett system ''also'' predicts tremendous time dilation at the center of the expansion.</ref>
More to the point, Carmeli and Hartnett showed that space itself expands in any [[galaxy]] or larger-sized object, and this expansion predicts a significantly increased rotational speed for any particle in that object. Specifically,
<math>v^4 = GM\frac{2}{3}a_0\Bigg\{\bigg(\frac{r}{2a}\bigg)^{9/2} 8 \Pi^{3/2}\Bigg\}</math>
where r = radial position, a<sub>0</sub> is a critical acceleration value, G is the gravitational constant, M is the total luminous mass of the galaxy (or group or cluster or supercluster) involved, and
<math>\Pi</math> depends on the Bessel functions of the ratio r/2a.
Hartnett tested the above equation against the observed values of circular velocity of tracer gases in object NGC 3198 as a function of radial distance from the center. He found that this equation fit the observations almost exactly, while a traditional Newtonian equation for radial velocity,
<math>v^2 = \frac{GM}{r}</math>
predicted circular velocities much lower than observed. Hence Hartnett's conclusion that ''luminous masses are correct, but the physical model that predicts radial velocity is incorrect.'' Hence, as Einstein obviated the planet [[Vulcan]], Hartnett now claims to obviate dark matter.
== Evolutionistic concept ==
== Evolutionistic concept ==