Difference between revisions of "Modulus"

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(slight expansion)
(Improved; put in computer meaning. Also, I think this is the way to disambiguate when one meaning is less prominent.)
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The '''modulus''' function provides the [[remainder]] of [[division]]. For example, in 5 / 3 the remainder is 2.  This is often restated as "5 is congruent to 3 modulo 2" and written symbolically as "<math>5 \equiv 2 \mod 3</math>".  Similarly, we could write <math>19 \equiv 1 \mod 3</math> to express the remained of carrying out this division.
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::''For the term relating to complex numbers, see [[Complex number]].''
  
Unrelatedly, the [[complex number|complex]] analogue of the absolute value, given by <math> |a+bi| = a^2 + b^2</math> is also sometimes known as the modulus.
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Aside from its unrelated use in complex numbers, the term '''modulus''' refers to the [[remainder]], that is, the remainder of integer [[division]].  For example, in 11 / 3 the remainder is 2.  This could be stated as <math>mod(11, 3) = 2\,</math>, though mathematicians much more commonly express it as "11 is congruent to 2 modulo 3" and write it symbolically as "<math>11 \equiv 2\mod 3</math>".
  
[[category:Mathematics]]
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The notion of congruence is actually more general than the remainder function.  We could also say "2 is congruent to 11 modulo 3", or "<math>2 \equiv 11\mod 3</math>".
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"<math>x \equiv y\mod k</math>" means that <math>x - y\,</math> is an integer multiple of <math>k\,</math>.
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The remainder operation is also important in computer programming, and the term "modulus" is used to refer to this operation.  In [[C_programming_language|C]]-like languages it is denoted with a percent sign:
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::::x = 11 % 3;    // x is now 2
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In [[complex number]]s, the modulus is the analogue of the absolute value, given by <math>|a+bi| = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}</math>.
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[[Category:Mathematics]]
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[[Category: Programming Languages]]

Revision as of 20:02, September 23, 2009

For the term relating to complex numbers, see Complex number.

Aside from its unrelated use in complex numbers, the term modulus refers to the remainder, that is, the remainder of integer division. For example, in 11 / 3 the remainder is 2. This could be stated as <math>mod(11, 3) = 2\,</math>, though mathematicians much more commonly express it as "11 is congruent to 2 modulo 3" and write it symbolically as "<math>11 \equiv 2\mod 3</math>".

The notion of congruence is actually more general than the remainder function. We could also say "2 is congruent to 11 modulo 3", or "<math>2 \equiv 11\mod 3</math>".

"<math>x \equiv y\mod k</math>" means that <math>x - y\,</math> is an integer multiple of <math>k\,</math>.


The remainder operation is also important in computer programming, and the term "modulus" is used to refer to this operation. In C-like languages it is denoted with a percent sign:

x = 11 % 3; // x is now 2


In complex numbers, the modulus is the analogue of the absolute value, given by <math>|a+bi| = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}</math>.