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== The Pact of Umar ==

== The Pact of Umar ==

According to the [[Islamic traditions]] , the Pact of Umar II(cc. 717) was a treaty negotiated between [[Caliph]] [[Umar II]] of the [[Umayyad Dynasty]] (d.720) and the [[Christians]] of [[Byzantine Syria|Syria]]. The Pact of Umar II, commonly referred to simply as "The Pact of Umar" capitalized on the negotiations between [[Umar Al Khittab|Umar]] of the [[Rashidun]] Caliphs and the [[Christian community|Christians in the middle east]] in [[Byzantine Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]. The document served to cement the concept of the "protected status" ([[Dhimma|Dhimmi]] in Arabic) for Jew's and Christians ruled by the Caliphate. The historicity of the document has been questioned extensively, however regardless of the circumstances of its actual transmission, it remains a formative concept in [[Islamic jurisprudence|Sharia]] to the present day.

According to the [[Islamic traditions]] , the Pact of Umar II(cc. 717) was a treaty negotiated between [[Caliph]] [[Umar II]] of the [[Umayyad Dynasty]] (d.720) and the [[Christians]] of [[Byzantine Syria|Syria]]. The Pact of Umar II, commonly referred to simply as "The Pact of Umar" capitalized on the negotiations between [[Umar Al Khittab]] of the [[Rashidun]] Caliphs and the [[Christian community]] in [[Byzantine Jerusalem]. The document served to cement the concept of the "protected status" ([[Dhimma]] in Arabic) for Jew's and Christians ruled by the Caliphate. The historicity of the document has been questioned extensively, however regardless of the circumstances of its actual transmission, it remains a formative concept in [[Islamic jurisprudence|Sharia]] to the present day.

We shall not display our crosses or our books in the roads or markets of the Muslims. We shall use only clappers in our churches very softly. We shall not raise our voices when following our dead. We shall not show lights on any of the roads of the Muslims or in their markets. We shall not bury our dead near the Muslims.

We shall not display our crosses or our books in the roads or markets of the Muslims. We shall use only clappers in our churches very softly. We shall not raise our voices when following our dead. We shall not show lights on any of the roads of the Muslims or in their markets. We shall not bury our dead near the Muslims.

We shall not take slaves who have beenallotted to Muslims.

We shall not take slaves who have been allotted to Muslims.

We shall not build houses overtopping the houses of the Muslims.

We shall not build houses overtopping the houses of the Muslims.