Changes

During the early war years, Service and Adler wrote favorable reports on the [[Kuomintang]] and [[Chiang Kai-shek]], which were keeping the Japanese busy, so they could not attack the Soviet Union. But once the defeat of Japan became likely, Soviet policy shifted to hostility toward the Nationalist government, and support for the Communist rebels seeking to overthrow it. Service began an increasingly harsh series of attacks on the Chinese government as "fascist" and "Gestapo-like,"<ref>Senate Internal Security Committee, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FK8iAAAAMAAJ The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China]'', Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970), pp. 577, 592, 1015</ref> writing that "the Kuomintang intensifies its drive for 'Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer'."<ref>Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, U.S. Senate, 82d Cong., 1st sess., [http://ia341005.us.archive.org/1/items/instituteofpacif03unit/instituteofpacif03unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations, Part 3] (Washington: GPO, 1951), pp. 817, 818</ref>

During the early war years, Service and Adler wrote favorable reports on the [[Kuomintang]] and [[Chiang Kai-shek]], which were keeping the Japanese busy, so they could not attack the Soviet Union. But once the defeat of Japan became likely, Soviet policy shifted to hostility toward the Nationalist government, and support for the Communist rebels seeking to overthrow it. Service began an increasingly harsh series of attacks on the Chinese government as "fascist" and "Gestapo-like,"<ref>Senate Internal Security Committee, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FK8iAAAAMAAJ The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China]'', Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970), pp. 577, 592, 1015</ref> writing that "the Kuomintang intensifies its drive for 'Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer'."<ref>Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, U.S. Senate, 82d Cong., 1st sess., [http://ia341005.us.archive.org/1/items/instituteofpacif03unit/instituteofpacif03unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations, Part 3] (Washington: GPO, 1951), pp. 817, 818</ref>

In contrast, Service praised the Communists as "progressive" and "democratic."<ref>Senate Internal Security Committee, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FK8iAAAAMAAJ The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China]'', January 26, 1970, pp. 406, 410, 577, 579, 589, 1014</ref> According to Service, the Communist (or as Service put it, "the so-called Communist) rebels advocated "agrarian reform, civil rights, the establishment of democratic institutions."<ref>Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, U.S. Senate, 82d Cong., 1st sess., [http://ia341005.us.archive.org/1/items/instituteofpacif03unit/instituteofpacif03unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations, Part 3] (Washington: GPO, 1951), p. 828</ref>

In contrast, Service praised the Communists as "progressive" and "democratic."<ref>Senate Internal Security Committee, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FK8iAAAAMAAJ The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China]'', January 26, 1970, pp. 406, 410, 577, 579, 589, 1014</ref> According to Service, the Communist (or as Service put it, "the so-called Communist") rebels advocated "agrarian reform, civil rights, the establishment of democratic institutions."<ref>Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, U.S. Senate, 82d Cong., 1st sess., [http://ia341005.us.archive.org/1/items/instituteofpacif03unit/instituteofpacif03unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations, Part 3] (Washington: GPO, 1951), p. 828</ref> In one memo, Service called the Chinese government "politically bankrupt" and wrote, "The Communists are in China to stay and China's destiny is not Chiang's but theirs."<ref>''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FK8iAAAAMAAJ The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China]'', pp. 113, 112</ref>

 

 

In one memo, he called the government "politically bankrupt" and wrote, "The Communists are in China to stay and China's destiny is not Chiang's but theirs."<ref>''[http://books.google.com/books?id=FK8iAAAAMAAJ The Amerasia Papers: A Clue to the Catastrophe of China]'', pp. 113, 112</ref>

Service and his Soviet agent roommate Adler wrote that the Communists were doing most of the fighting against the Japanese, while the Nationalists were sitting out the war or actually collaborating.<ref>Edward M. Collins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YRa3Y2m_wrwC Myth, Manifesto, Meltdown: Communist Strategy, 1848-1991]'' (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger/Greenwood, 1998) ISBN 0275959384, p. 93</ref> Service and Adler even collaborated on some reports.<ref>"I worked on the translation and also provided some of the material and assisted in drafting the memorandum of comment on the book. However, the major part of the comment and the summary was done by Mr. Adler." [http://ia341005.us.archive.org/2/items/statedepartmente195002unit/statedepartmente195002unit_bw.pdf Report of the United States Senate Subcommittee on the Investigation of Loyalty of State Department Employees, 1950, Vol. 2], appendix, p. 2456 (PDF p. 980)</ref> For example, Adler reported (attributing information to Service): "The Communists have successfully resisted the Japanese for seven years... with no active support from Chungking."<ref>M. Stanton Evans, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tQt3AAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies]'' (New York: Crown Forum, 2007) ISBN 978-1-4000-8105-9, pp. 99-106</ref> In contrast, General Albert Wedemeyer, [http://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/20/obituaries/gen-albert-c-wedemeyer-92-noted-military-planner-for-us.html commander of American forces in China] reported: "No Communist Chinese forces fought in any major battles of the Sino-Japanese war.... Chinese Communist leaders were not interested in fighting the Japanese," he wrote; "their main interest was to occupy the territory which the Nationalist forces evacuated in their retreat."<ref>Albert C. Wedemeyer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=64s_HgAACAAJ Wedemeyer Reports]'' (Holt, 1958), p. 285</ref>

Service and his Soviet agent roommate Adler wrote that the Communists were doing most of the fighting against the Japanese, while the Nationalists were sitting out the war or actually collaborating.<ref>Edward M. Collins, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=YRa3Y2m_wrwC Myth, Manifesto, Meltdown: Communist Strategy, 1848-1991]'' (Westport, Connecticut: Praeger/Greenwood, 1998) ISBN 0275959384, p. 93</ref> Service and Adler even collaborated on some reports.<ref>"I worked on the translation and also provided some of the material and assisted in drafting the memorandum of comment on the book. However, the major part of the comment and the summary was done by Mr. Adler." [http://ia341005.us.archive.org/2/items/statedepartmente195002unit/statedepartmente195002unit_bw.pdf Report of the United States Senate Subcommittee on the Investigation of Loyalty of State Department Employees, 1950, Vol. 2], appendix, p. 2456 (PDF p. 980)</ref> For example, Adler reported (attributing information to Service): "The Communists have successfully resisted the Japanese for seven years... with no active support from Chungking."<ref>M. Stanton Evans, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=tQt3AAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies]'' (New York: Crown Forum, 2007) ISBN 978-1-4000-8105-9, pp. 99-106</ref> In contrast, General Albert Wedemeyer, [http://www.nytimes.com/1989/12/20/obituaries/gen-albert-c-wedemeyer-92-noted-military-planner-for-us.html commander of American forces in China] reported: "No Communist Chinese forces fought in any major battles of the Sino-Japanese war.... Chinese Communist leaders were not interested in fighting the Japanese," he wrote; "their main interest was to occupy the territory which the Nationalist forces evacuated in their retreat."<ref>Albert C. Wedemeyer, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=64s_HgAACAAJ Wedemeyer Reports]'' (Holt, 1958), p. 285</ref>