Changes

Moderate Catharism was influenced by the Bogomil movement <ref>Van den Broek; Quispel.</ref>. The texts with moderate Cathar ideas are: the ''Interrogatio Iohanni'', also called the ''Cène Secrete'' <ref>Bozóky</ref>; two versions of the rituals, one in Latin <ref>Dondaine, ''Un Traité''</ref> and one in Provencal <ref>Clédat</ref>; ''A Vindication of the Church of God'' <ref>Venckeleer, ''Revue belge''</ref>, ''A Gloss on the Lord’s Prayer'' <ref>ibid., Venckeleer, ''Revue belge''</ref> and the ''Visio Isaia'' <ref>Charles</ref>.

Moderate Catharism was influenced by the Bogomil movement <ref>Van den Broek; Quispel.</ref>. The texts with moderate Cathar ideas are: the ''Interrogatio Iohanni'', also called the ''Cène Secrete'' <ref>Bozóky</ref>; two versions of the rituals, one in Latin <ref>Dondaine, ''Un Traité''</ref> and one in Provencal <ref>Clédat</ref>; ''A Vindication of the Church of God'' <ref>Venckeleer, ''Revue belge''</ref>, ''A Gloss on the Lord’s Prayer'' <ref>ibid., Venckeleer, ''Revue belge''</ref> and the ''Visio Isaia'' <ref>Charles</ref>.

The ''Cène Secrete'' describes a “moderate dualism”: there is one good God and a fallen angel ([[Satan#Lucifer|Lucifer]]) who created the earth. This has also been called “Gnostic dualism” . It includes the dualism of the Bogomils and that of the moderate Cathars <ref>Van Schaik, pp. 89-90.</ref>. The Inquisitor and former Cathar, Reinerius Sacconi (d. 1262) traces the origin of the various moderate Cathar churches in Southern Europe back to the “church of Philadelphia in Romania” <ref>Sanjek.</ref>.

The ''Cène Secrete'' describes a “moderate dualism”: there is one good God and a fallen angel ([[Satan#Lucifer|Lucifer]]) who created the earth. This has also been called “Gnostic dualism” . It includes the dualism of the Bogomils and that of the moderate Cathars <ref>Van Schaik, pp. 89-90.</ref>.  

There are no problems with regard to the historical transmission of moderate dualism: Bogomil ideas were taken back to Europe by the returning [[The Crusades|crusaders]]. The Inquisitor Anselmus Alessandria reports this in 1266 <ref>''Tractatus the hereticis''</ref>. The ''Cène Secrete'' from about 1190 confirms this: the manuscript ends with a note: “this manuscript originates from Bulgaria” <ref>Bozóky, p. 87.</ref>.

There are no problems with regard to the historical transmission of moderate dualism: Bogomil ideas were taken back to Europe by the returning [[The Crusades|crusaders]]. The ''Cène Secrete'' from about 1190 confirms this: the manuscript ends with a note: “this manuscript originates from Bulgaria” <ref>Bozóky, p. 87.</ref>.

Radical Catharism

Radical Catharism

In 1254, rebelling against the Papal order to accept a Hungarian bishop, the Bosnian Church chose '''[[schism]]''' (ecclesially autonomous but mainly following Orthodox doctrine). In that way, an autonomous Bosnian Church came into being. Some later saw in this the beginning of a Bogomil or Cathar Church. In reality no trace of bogomilism, Catharism or dualism can be found in the original documents of the Bosnian Christians. Some scholars, who sought certain ideological backgrounds and justifications for their political narratives, argue that both Catholics and Orthodox persecuted the Bogomils as heretics and according to them, the pressures drew Bosnia to Bogomilism.  

In 1254, rebelling against the Papal order to accept a Hungarian bishop, the Bosnian Church chose '''[[schism]]''' (ecclesially autonomous but mainly following Orthodox doctrine). In that way, an autonomous Bosnian Church came into being. Some later saw in this the beginning of a Bogomil or Cathar Church. In reality no trace of bogomilism, Catharism or dualism can be found in the original documents of the Bosnian Christians. Some scholars, who sought certain ideological backgrounds and justifications for their political narratives, argue that both Catholics and Orthodox persecuted the Bogomils as heretics and according to them, the pressures drew Bosnia to Bogomilism.  

The possibility that Manichean ideas reached the Bogomils in the Balkans through the Islamic expansion has been dismissed by some scholars. According to the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' <ref>de Blois, p. 510a.</ref> this is highly improbable as conversions to Islam only started in the Balkans about 1260, and the main Ottoman colonization was between 1300-1400.

The possibility that Manichean ideas reached the Bogomils in the Balkans through the Islamic expansion has been dismissed by some scholars. According to the ''Encyclopaedia of Islam'' <ref>de Blois, p. 510a.</ref> this is highly improbable as conversions to Islam only started in the Balkans about 1260, and the main Ottoman colonization was between 1300-1400.