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In the United States Senate, he was known for his support for school segregation through the signing in 1956 of the [[Southern Manifesto]].<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/84/crecb/1956/03/12/GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3pdf]. ''Congressional Record''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> Ellender, a [[New Deal]]er,<ref>[https://segregationinamerica.eji.org/report/segregation-forever-leaders.html Segregation Forever]. ''Equal Justice Initiative''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> was one of only twenty Democrats to vote against killing Roosevelt's 1937 [[court packing]] scheme.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/s42 TO RECOMMIT TO THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIAL BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT. S. 1392, A BILL TO REORGANIZE THE JUDICIARY BRANCH.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 29, 2021.</ref> Ellender was also an advocate of farm subsidies and the school lunch program, and he opposed the investigations into [[communist]] infiltration of the U.S. government conducted prior to 1954 by his colleague [[Joseph McCarthy]], voting in favor of censuring the [[Wisconsin]] Republican.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/83-1954/s271 S. RES. 301. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> Though Ellender later opposed the [[Vietnam War]], he voted for the [[Gulf of Tonkin Resolution]] of 1964.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/s481 H.J.RES. 1145. SUPPORT PRESIDENT'S ACTIONS IN ORDERING RETALIATION AGAINST ATTACKS ON U.S. FORCES BY NORTH VIET NAM & PLEDGE U.S. DETERMINATION TO ASSIST ANY ANY MEMBER OR PROTOCOL STATE OF THE SEATO TREATY WHICH REQUESTS AID IN DEFENSE OF ITS FREEDOM.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> During his Senate tenure he was chairman of the Agriculture Committee and then the Appropriations Committee. While he was considered a relatively more [[conservative Democrat]] in comparison to his party colleagues, he held some [[liberal]] positions such as adamantly supporting social programs championed by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]].<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-upon-signing-the-food-stamp-act Remarks Upon Signing the Food Stamp Act.]. ''The American Presidency Project''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-signing-the-child-nutrition-act-1966 Remarks at the Signing of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966.]. ''The American Presidency Project''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> Ellender was furthermore considered a "[[progressive]]" when it came to censorship, education, public housing, and [[separation of church and state]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books/about/Senator_Allen_Ellender_of_Louisiana.html?id=wrbQd0_eA_EC Senator Allen Ellender of Louisiana: A Biography]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref>

In the United States Senate, he was known for his support for school segregation through the signing in 1956 of the [[Southern Manifesto]].<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/84/crecb/1956/03/12/GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3.pdf GPO-CRECB-1956-pt4-3pdf]. ''Congressional Record''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> Ellender, a [[New Deal]]er,<ref>[https://segregationinamerica.eji.org/report/segregation-forever-leaders.html Segregation Forever]. ''Equal Justice Initiative''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> was one of only twenty Democrats to vote against killing Roosevelt's 1937 [[court packing]] scheme.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/s42 TO RECOMMIT TO THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIAL BRANCH OF GOVERNMENT. S. 1392, A BILL TO REORGANIZE THE JUDICIARY BRANCH.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved June 29, 2021.</ref> Ellender was also an advocate of farm subsidies and the school lunch program, and he opposed the investigations into [[communist]] infiltration of the U.S. government conducted prior to 1954 by his colleague [[Joseph McCarthy]], voting in favor of censuring the [[Wisconsin]] Republican.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/83-1954/s271 S. RES. 301. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> Though Ellender later opposed the [[Vietnam War]], he voted for the [[Gulf of Tonkin Resolution]] of 1964.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/s481 H.J.RES. 1145. SUPPORT PRESIDENT'S ACTIONS IN ORDERING RETALIATION AGAINST ATTACKS ON U.S. FORCES BY NORTH VIET NAM & PLEDGE U.S. DETERMINATION TO ASSIST ANY ANY MEMBER OR PROTOCOL STATE OF THE SEATO TREATY WHICH REQUESTS AID IN DEFENSE OF ITS FREEDOM.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> During his Senate tenure he was chairman of the Agriculture Committee and then the Appropriations Committee. While he was considered a relatively more [[conservative Democrat]] in comparison to his party colleagues, he held some [[liberal]] positions such as adamantly supporting social programs championed by President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]].<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-upon-signing-the-food-stamp-act Remarks Upon Signing the Food Stamp Act.]. ''The American Presidency Project''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-signing-the-child-nutrition-act-1966 Remarks at the Signing of the Child Nutrition Act of 1966.]. ''The American Presidency Project''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> Ellender was furthermore considered a "[[progressive]]" when it came to censorship, education, public housing, and [[separation of church and state]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books/about/Senator_Allen_Ellender_of_Louisiana.html?id=wrbQd0_eA_EC Senator Allen Ellender of Louisiana: A Biography]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref>

Ellender opposed anti-lynching measures, voting twice along with the majority of Senate Democrats to kill the [[Copeland anti-lynching rider amendments]] introduced by [[Royal Copeland]] in late June 1937.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/s43 TO TABLE AN AMENDMENT TO S. 69, THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT. THE AMEND. OFFERED BY SENATOR COPELAND WHICH WOULD HAVE ADDED HOUSE BILL 1507, THE ANTILYNCHING BILL, TO S. 69, A BILL LIMITING THE SIZE OF TRAINS IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/s58 TO TABLE AN AMENDMENT TO S. 2475. OFFERED BY SENATOR COPELAND WHICH WOULD HAVE ADDED THE ANTILYNCHING BILL AS PERFECTED BY THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY TO THE PENDING LEGISLATION.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> More notably, at the behest of Southern Democratic leader [[Richard Russell, Jr.]], he partook in the filibuster of the [[Anti-Lynching Bill of 1938]].<ref>Becnel, Thomas (1995). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Senator_Allen_Ellender_of_Louisiana/wrbQd0_eA_EC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=allen+ellender+anti-lynching&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover Senator Allen Ellender of Louisiana: A Biography], pp. 79–80. ''Google Books''. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</ref>

Ellender opposed anti-lynching measures, voting twice along with the majority of Senate Democrats to kill the [[Copeland anti-lynching rider amendments]] introduced by [[Royal Copeland]] in late June 1937.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/s43 TO TABLE AN AMENDMENT TO S. 69, THE INTERSTATE COMMERCE ACT. THE AMEND. OFFERED BY SENATOR COPELAND WHICH WOULD HAVE ADDED HOUSE BILL 1507, THE ANTILYNCHING BILL, TO S. 69, A BILL LIMITING THE SIZE OF TRAINS IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/75-1/s58 TO TABLE AN AMENDMENT TO S. 2475. OFFERED BY SENATOR COPELAND WHICH WOULD HAVE ADDED THE ANTILYNCHING BILL AS PERFECTED BY THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY TO THE PENDING LEGISLATION.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved April 21, 2021.</ref> More notably, at the behest of Southern Democratic leader [[Richard Russell, Jr.]], he partook in the filibuster of the [[Anti-Lynching Bill of 1938]].<ref>Becnel, Thomas (1995). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Senator_Allen_Ellender_of_Louisiana/wrbQd0_eA_EC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=allen+ellender+anti-lynching&pg=PA79&printsec=frontcover Senator Allen Ellender of Louisiana: A Biography], pp. 79–80. ''Google Books''. Retrieved May 24, 2023.</ref>