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===Presidential politics===

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[[File:The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 20 Sep 1987, Sun Page 79.PNG|right|250px|thumb|"we [Delawareans] were on the South’s side in the Civil War.” - Joe Biden, ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', 20 Sep 1987, Page 79.<ref>''Presidential hopeful Biden faces an image problem'', [https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=28178299&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjE2OTgzNDI0OCwiaWF0IjoxNjIwMDAwOTY5LCJleHAiOjE2MjAwODczNjl9.Qis6deAMX2ZszubFmWmV75o-sSIRnJfvNYg4W9pJF3A The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 20 Sep 1987, Sun Page 79.]]</ref>]]

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[[File:The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 20 Sep 1987, Sun Page 79.PNG|right|250px|thumb|"we [Delawareans] were on the South’s side in the Civil War.” - Joe Biden, ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', 20 Sep 1987, Page 79.<ref>''Presidential hopeful Biden faces an image problem'', [https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=28178299&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjE2OTgzNDI0OCwiaWF0IjoxNjIwMDAwOTY5LCJleHAiOjE2MjAwODczNjl9.Qis6deAMX2ZszubFmWmV75o-sSIRnJfvNYg4W9pJF3A The Philadelphia Inquirer (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 20 Sep 1987, Sun Page 79.]</ref>]]

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The South favored the [[Jeffersonian Republicans]] during the [[First Party System]], from the 1790s to 1820s. However, during the [[Second Party System]], ~~1830-1854~~, the region was closely balanced between Democrats and the [[Whig Party]], with the Democrats gaining after 1848.

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The South favored the [[Jeffersonian Republicans]] during the [[First Party System]], from the 1790s to 1820s. However, during the [[Second Party System]], 1830–1854, the region was closely balanced between Democrats and the [[Whig Party]], with the Democrats gaining after 1848.

Political parties were in disarray in the late 1850s and were suspended during the Civil War. During Reconstruction, 1863–1877, the dominant [[Republican Party]] was a coalition of Freedmen (freed slaves), [[Carpetbaggers]] (new arrivals from the North), and [[Scalawags]] (white southerners), all supported by the U.S. Army. Violent [[Democratic party|Democrat]] [[Ku Klux Klan]] confrontations led to the collapse of the Republican state governments in the 1870s; the last three fell in 1877. They were replaced by the [[Redeemers]], white Democrats allied to the wealthy [[Bourbon Democrats]] of the North.

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===Plantations===

* Aiken, Charles S. ''The Cotton Plantation South Since the Civil War'' 1998; geographical study

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* Anderson, David. "Down Memory Lane: Nostalgia for the Old South in Post-civil War Plantation Reminiscences." ''Journal of Southern History'' 2005 71(1): ~~105-136~~. Issn: 0022-4642 Fulltext: in Ebsco and [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5009563170 online edition]

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* Anderson, David. "Down Memory Lane: Nostalgia for the Old South in Post-civil War Plantation Reminiscences." ''Journal of Southern History'' 2005 71(1): 105–136. Issn: 0022-4642 Fulltext: in Ebsco and [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5009563170 online edition]

* Camp, Stephanie M. H. ''Closer to Freedom: Enslaved Women & Everyday Resistance in the Plantation South.'' 2004. 206 pp.

* Fox-Genovese, Elizabeth. ''Within the Plantation Household: Black and White Women of the Old South'' 1988 [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=54351838 online edition]

* Genovese, Eugene, ''Roll, Jordan Roll'' (1975), the most important study of slavery.

* Isaac, Rhys. ''Landon Carter's Uneasy Kingdom: Revolution and Rebellion on a Virginia Plantation'' (2004), re: late 18th century

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* Kern, Susan. "The Material World of the Jeffersons at Shadwell." ''William and Mary Quarterly'' 2005 62(2): ~~213-242~~. Issn: 0043-5597 Fulltext: at History Cooperative

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* Kern, Susan. "The Material World of the Jeffersons at Shadwell." ''William and Mary Quarterly'' 2005 62(2): 213–242. Issn: 0043-5597 Fulltext: at History Cooperative

* Kulikoff

* Lowe, Richard G. and Randolph B. Campbell, ''Planters and Plain Folk: Agriculture in Antebellum Texas'' (1987)

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* McBride, David. "'Slavery as it Is': Medicine and Slaves of the Plantation South." ''Magazine of History'' 2005 19(5): ~~36-39~~. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext in Ebsco

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* McBride, David. "'Slavery as it Is': Medicine and Slaves of the Plantation South." ''Magazine of History'' 2005 19(5): 36–39. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext in Ebsco

* Morgan, Edmund S. ''American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia'' (1975).

* Phillips, Ulrich B. ''American Negro Slavery; a Survey of the Supply, Employment, and Control of Negro Labor, as Determined by the Plantation Regime''. (1918)[https://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11490 online at Project Gutenberg]

* Phillips, Ulrich B. ''Life and Labor in the Old South''. (1929).

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* Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Economic Cost of Slaveholding in the Cotton Belt," ''Political Science Quarterly'' 20#2 (Jun., 1905), pp. 257–275 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3195%28190506%2920%3A2%3C257%3ATECOSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I in JSTOR]

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* Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Economic Cost of Slaveholding in the Cotton Belt," ''Political Science Quarterly'' 20#2 (Jun., 1905), pp. 257–275 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0032-3195%28190506%2920%3A2%3C257%3ATECOSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-I in JSTOR]

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* Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Origin and Growth of the Southern Black Belts." ''American Historical Review,'' 11 (July 1906): ~~798-816~~. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762%28190607%2911%3A4%3C798%3ATOAGOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T in JSTOR]

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* Phillips, Ulrich B. "The Origin and Growth of the Southern Black Belts." ''American Historical Review,'' 11 (July 1906): 798–816. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762%28190607%2911%3A4%3C798%3ATOAGOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T in JSTOR]

* Phillips, Ulrich B. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-7162%28191001%2935%3A1%3C37%3ATDOTPS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-W "The Decadence of the Plantation System." ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Sciences,'' 35 (January, 1910): 37-41. in JSTOR]

* Joseph P. Reidy; ''From Slavery to Agrarian Capitalism in the Cotton Plantation South: Central Georgia, 1800-1880'' 1992 [https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=12034198 online edition]

* Rothman, Adam. ''Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South'' (2005),

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* Ruef, Martin. "The Demise of an Organizational Form: Emancipation and Plantation Agriculture in the American South, 1860-1880." ''American Journal of Sociology'' 2004 109(6): ~~1365-1410~~. Issn: 0002-9602 Fulltext: at Ebsco

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* Ruef, Martin. "The Demise of an Organizational Form: Emancipation and Plantation Agriculture in the American South, 1860-1880." ''American Journal of Sociology'' 2004 109(6): 1365–1410. Issn: 0002-9602 Fulltext: at Ebsco

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* Savitt, Todd L. "Black Health on the Plantation: Owners, the Enslaved, and Physicians." ''Magazine of History'' 2005 19(5): ~~14-16~~. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext in Ebsco

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* Savitt, Todd L. "Black Health on the Plantation: Owners, the Enslaved, and Physicians." ''Magazine of History'' 2005 19(5): 14–16. Issn: 0882-228x Fulltext in Ebsco

*Stampp, Kenneth M. ''The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-bellum South'' (1956)

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* Virts, Nancy. "Change in the Plantation System: American South, 1910-1945." ''Explorations in Economic History'' 2006 43(1): ~~153-176~~. Issn: ~~0014-4983~~

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* Virts, Nancy. "Change in the Plantation System: American South, 1910-1945." ''Explorations in Economic History'' 2006 43(1): 153–176. Issn: 0014–4983

* Volo, James M., and Dorothy Denneen Volo. ''The Antebellum Period.'' (2004), popular culture [http://www.questia.com/read/107031757 online edition]

* Weiner, Marli F. ''Mistresses and Slaves: Plantation Women in South Carolina, 1830-80.'' 1998

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* Bolton, Charles C. ''Poor Whites of the Antebellum South: Tenants and Laborers in Central North Carolina and Northeast Mississippi'' (1994) [https://www.amazon.com/Poor-Whites-Antebellum-South-Mississippi/dp/0822314681/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200630882&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]

* Burton, Orville Vernon. ''In My Father's House Are Many Mansions: Family and Community in Edgefield, South Carolina'' (1985) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=10585854 online edition]

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* Campbell, Randolph B. "Planters and Plain Folks: The Social Structure of the Antebellum South," in John B. Boles and Evelyn Thomas Nolen, eds., ''Interpreting Southern History''(1987), ~~48-77~~;

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* Campbell, Randolph B. "Planters and Plain Folks: The Social Structure of the Antebellum South," in John B. Boles and Evelyn Thomas Nolen, eds., ''Interpreting Southern History''(1987), 48–77;

* Carey, Anthony Gene. "Frank L. Owsley's Plain Folk of the Old South after Fifty Years," in Glenn Feldman, ed., ''Reading Southern History: Essays on Interpreters and Interpretations'' (2001)

* Cash, Wilbur J. ''The Mind of the South'' (1941), famous classic [https://www.amazon.com/Mind-South-W-J-Cash/dp/0679736476/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200631649&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]

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* Harris, J. William. ''Plain Folk and Gentry in a Slave Society: White Liberty and Black Slavery in Augusta's Hinterlands'' (1985)

* Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Reconsidered: Historiographical Ambiguity in Search of Definition." ''Journal of Southern History.'' 71#4 (2005) pp 803+.

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* Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Yeomanry in the Antebellum South," in Boles, ed., ''Companion to the American South,'' ~~139-55~~.

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* Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Yeomanry in the Antebellum South," in Boles, ed., ''Companion to the American South,'' 139–55.

* Hyde Jr., Samuel C. ed., ''Plain Folk of the South Revisited'' (1997).

** Hyde Jr., Samuel C. "Plain Folk Reconsidered: Historiographical Ambiguity in Search of Definition" ''Journal of Southern History'' (Nov 2005) vol 71#4

* Hundley, Daniel R. ''Social Relations in Our Southern States'' (1860) [https://books.google.com/books?id=ifVLAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:Social+intitle:Relations+intitle:in+intitle:Our+intitle:Southern+intitle:States&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&ei=AC-QR7DVI4bktAPoxMRC complete text online]

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* Linden, Fabian. "Economic Democracy in the Slave South: An Appraisal of Some Recent Views," ''Journal of Negro History'', 31 (April 1946), ~~140-89~~; emphasizes statistical inequality [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2992(194604)31%3A2%3C140%3AEDITSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R in JSTOR]

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* Linden, Fabian. "Economic Democracy in the Slave South: An Appraisal of Some Recent Views," ''Journal of Negro History'', 31 (April 1946), 140–89; emphasizes statistical inequality [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2992(194604)31%3A2%3C140%3AEDITSS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R in JSTOR]

* Lowe, Richard G. and Randolph B. Campbell, ''Planters and Plain Folk: Agriculture in Antebellum Texas'' (1987)

* McCurry, Stephanie. ''Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations, and the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Carolina Low Country'' (1995),

* McWhiney, Grady. ''Cracker Culture: Celtic Ways in the Old South'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/cracker-culture-celtic-ways-in-the-old-south-by-grady-mcwhiney.jsp online edition], by a leading conservative

* Nobles, Gregory H. "The Transformation of the Other Virginia." ''Reviews in American History,'' Vol. 13, No. 4 (Dec., 1985), pp. 506–511 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0048-7511(198512)13%3A4%3C506%3ATTOTOV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-T in JSTOR]

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* Osthaus, Carl R. "The Work Ethic of the Plain Folk: Labor and Religion in the Old South." ''Journal of Southern History'' (2004) v. 70#4, ~~745-82~~.

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* Osthaus, Carl R. "The Work Ethic of the Plain Folk: Labor and Religion in the Old South." ''Journal of Southern History'' (2004) v. 70#4, 745–82.

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* Otto, John Solomon. "The Migration of the Southern Plain Folk: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis," ''Journal of Southern History,'' 51 (May 1985), ~~183-200~~. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4642(198505)51%3A2%3C183%3ATMOTSP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C in JSTOR]

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* Otto, John Solomon. "The Migration of the Southern Plain Folk: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis," ''Journal of Southern History,'' 51 (May 1985), 183–200. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4642(198505)51%3A2%3C183%3ATMOTSP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C in JSTOR]

* Owsley, Frank Lawrence. ''Plain Folk of the Old South'' (1949), the classic study

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* Owsley, Frank Lawrence. with Harriet C. Owsley, "The Economic Basis of Society in the Late Ante-Bellum South," ''Journal of Southern History'' 6 (Feb. 1940): ~~24-25~~, [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4642(194002)6%3A1%3C24%3ATEBOSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D in JSTOR]

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* Owsley, Frank Lawrence. with Harriet C. Owsley, "The Economic Basis of Society in the Late Ante-Bellum South," ''Journal of Southern History'' 6 (Feb. 1940): 24–25, [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4642(194002)6%3A1%3C24%3ATEBOSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D in JSTOR]

* Sheehan-Dean, Aaron, ''Why Confederates Fought: Family and Nation in Civil War Virginia'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Why-Confederates-Fought-Virginia-America/dp/0807831581/ref=sr_1_12?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200630882&sr=8-12 excerpt and text search]

* Wetherington, Mark V. ''Plain Folk's Fight: The Civil War and Reconstruction in Piney Woods Georgia.'' 2005.

* Winters, Donald L. "'Plain Folk' of the Old South Reexamined: Economic Democracy in Tennessee," ''The Journal of Southern History,'' Vol. 53, No. 4 (Nov., 1987), pp. 565–586 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-4642(198711)53%3A4%3C565%3A%22FOTOS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-M in JSTOR]

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* Wright, Gavin. "'Economic Democracy' and the Concentration of Agricultural Wealth in the Cotton South, 1850-1860," ''Agricultural History'', 44 (January 1970), ~~63-93~~ in JSTOR, a statistical critique of Owsley

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* Wright, Gavin. "'Economic Democracy' and the Concentration of Agricultural Wealth in the Cotton South, 1850-1860," ''Agricultural History'', 44 (January 1970), 63–93 in JSTOR, a statistical critique of Owsley

===Primary sources===

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