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[[Image:DarkMatterNASA1.jpg|350px|right]]'''Dark matter''', in [[astronomy]], is any hypothetical [[matter]] that is not directly detectable but which astronomers infer when the actual mass of any observed celestial object is not sufficient to account for an observed gravitational effect. It is one of two concepts (the other is [[dark energy]]) that conventional astronomers invoke to account for observations that conventional cosmologies, including the [[big bang]], cannot explain. Recently, [[creationist]] [[John Hartnett]] has suggested a new [[cosmology]], and a new [[physics]], that render this concept unnecessary.

[[Image:DarkMatterNASA1.jpg|350px|right]]'''Dark matter''', in [[astronomy]], is any hypothetical [[matter]] that is not directly detectable but which astronomers infer when the actual mass of any observed celestial object is not sufficient to account for an observed gravitational effect. It is one of two concepts (the other is [[dark energy]]) that conventional astronomers invoke to account for observations that conventional cosmologies, including the [[Big Bang]], cannot explain. Recently, [[creationist]] [[John Hartnett]] has suggested a new [[cosmology]], and a new [[physics]], that render this concept unnecessary.

== The first dark matter ==

== The first dark matter ==

The first recorded instance of the invocation of anything similar to dark matter was the hypothesis of a [[planet]] named [[Vulcan (planet)|Vulcan]]. This planet was supposed to be inside the orbit of [[Mercury]] and yet was never observed from [[Earth]], for reasons that no astronomer ever explained. Astronomers inferred the existence of this planet because Mercury precessed in its orbit around the Sun by 43 arc-seconds per century faster than its own mass, and that of the [[sun]], would predict.

The first recorded instance of the invocation of anything similar to dark matter was the hypothesis of a [[planet]] named [[Vulcan (planet)|Vulcan]]. This planet was supposed to be inside the orbit of [[Mercury]] and yet was never observed from [[Earth]], for reasons that no astronomer ever explained. Astronomers inferred the existence of this planet because Mercury precessed in its orbit around the Sun by 43 arc-seconds per century faster than its own mass, and that of the [[sun]], would predict.

Then in 1915, [[Albert Einstein]] solved the problem. He showed that Mercury, at [[apsis|perihelion]], passes close enough to the Sun for [[general relativity]] to require a second-order correction. He published the correction and accounted exactly for the precession in the orbit of Mercury, without the need for any planet, [[asteroid]] belt, or other object or objects inside that orbit.<ref name=Hartnett>Hartnett, John. ''[[Starlight, Time and the New Physics]]''. Creation Book Publishers, 2007. ISBN 9780949906687.</ref>

Then in 1915, [[Albert Einstein]] solved the problem. He showed that Mercury, at [[apsis|perihelion]], passes close enough to the Sun for [[General Relativity]] to require a second-order correction. He published the correction and accounted exactly for the precession in the orbit of Mercury, without the need for any planet, [[asteroid]] belt, or other object or objects inside that orbit.<ref name=Hartnett>Hartnett, John. ''[[Starlight, Time and the New Physics]]''. Creation Book Publishers, 2007. ISBN 9780949906687.</ref>

In solving the orbit of Mercury, Albert Einstein followed [[Occam's Razor]]. Future cosmologists would not heed his advice.

In solving the orbit of Mercury, Albert Einstein followed [[Occam's Razor]]. Future cosmologists would not heed his advice.

DeYoung also challenged the notion that galaxies or galactic clusters were necessarily stable. He did not comment directly on Milgrom's modified dynamic, but he did suggest that gravity was poorly understood.

DeYoung also challenged the notion that galaxies or galactic clusters were necessarily stable. He did not comment directly on Milgrom's modified dynamic, but he did suggest that gravity was poorly understood.

DeYoung then concluded that the hand of [[God]] was responsible for holding rapidly spinning galaxies and larger systems together, despite the observed mass deficits. But [[John Hartnett]] has recently produced a solution that requires no continuing miracle, but derives from a new understanding of the creation and expansion of the heavens.<ref name=Hartnett/> Hartnett's system builds on the earlier work of Carmeli, who in 1996 proposed an extension of Einsteinian relativity to the cosmic scale ([[cosmological relativity]]). The Hartnett system, explained more fully in his work ''[[Starlight, Time and the New Physics]]'', predicts that an expanding universe will produce rapidly spinning galaxies and larger systems ''as a consequence of the expansion'' and not due to gravity (or any other force) alone.

DeYoung then concluded that the hand of [[God]] was responsible for holding rapidly spinning galaxies and larger systems together, despite the observed mass deficits. But [[John Hartnett]] has recently produced a solution that requires no continuing miracle, but derives from a new understanding of the creation and expansion of the heavens.<ref name=Hartnett/> Hartnett's system builds on the earlier work of Carmeli, who in 1996 proposed an extension of Einsteinian relativity to the cosmic scale ([[Cosmological Relativity]]). The Hartnett system, explained more fully in his work ''[[Starlight, Time and the New Physics]]'', predicts that an expanding universe will produce rapidly spinning galaxies and larger systems ''as a consequence of the expansion'' and not due to gravity (or any other force) alone.

== References ==

== References ==