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World History Lecture Ten (view source)

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up to Germany
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[[World History Lecture One|1]]-[[World History Lecture Two|2]]-[[World History Lecture Three|3]]-[[World History Lecture Four|4]]-[[World History Lecture Five|5]]-[[World History Lecture Six|6]]-[[World History Lecture Seven|7]]-[[World History Lecture Eight|8]]-[[World History Lecture Nine|9]]-[[World History Lecture Ten|10]]-[[World History Lecture Eleven|11]]-[[World History Lecture Twelve|12]]-[[World History Lecture Thirteen|13]]-[[World History Lecture Fourteen|14]]
 
[[World History Lecture One|1]]-[[World History Lecture Two|2]]-[[World History Lecture Three|3]]-[[World History Lecture Four|4]]-[[World History Lecture Five|5]]-[[World History Lecture Six|6]]-[[World History Lecture Seven|7]]-[[World History Lecture Eight|8]]-[[World History Lecture Nine|9]]-[[World History Lecture Ten|10]]-[[World History Lecture Eleven|11]]-[[World History Lecture Twelve|12]]-[[World History Lecture Thirteen|13]]-[[World History Lecture Fourteen|14]]
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<Write Introduction>
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This lecture focuses on the 19th century (1800s), and then next class we begin studying the 20th century.
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The 19th century saw a rise in nationalism and imperialism, and wealth in Western Europe was increased by the industrial revolution.  During this time there were also advances in mathematical and scientific knowledge, most notably Louis Pasteur (science) and Bernhard Riemann (mathematics).  Let us begin.
    
==Nationalism==
 
==Nationalism==
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Nationalism was a concept that arose around the same time as Romanticism.  Nationalists believed loyalty to one’s nation was of utmost importance.  They felt that society should be viewed as a whole, rather than as being made up of individuals.  In Germany and Italy, nationalism inspired unification, where only loose connections had existed before.  For example, the Congress of Vienna had left the independent city-states of Italy under Austrian control in the north and Spanish control in the south and had established Germany as a weak confederation of 39 states.  Nationalism changed this.
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Nationalism was a concept that arose around the same time as Romanticism.  Nationalists believed loyalty to one’s nation was of utmost importance.  They felt that society should be viewed as a whole, rather than as being made up of individuals.  In Germany and Italy, nationalism inspired unification, where only loose connections had existed before (recall that Germany and Italy became nations much later than France and England).   
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The Congress of Vienna had left the independent city-states of Italy under Austrian control in the north and Spanish control in the south and had established Germany as a weak confederation of 39 states.  But nationalism in the 19th century (1800s) changed all this.
    
===Italy===
 
===Italy===
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