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[[Image:Tut_mask.jpg|right|thumb|The funeral mask of Tutankhamun]]'''Tutankhamun''', or '''King Tut''', was a [[pharaoh]] of [[Egypt]]'s 18th dynasty who reigned from 1336-1327 [[B.C.]] There has been much controversy over his lineage over the years. Tut was probably the son of Pharaoh Smenkhkare, a brother of [[Akhenaten]] who ruled briefly in 1336 BC.<ref name=Allen>Allen, James, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142642/http://cassian.memphis.edu/history/murnane/Allen.pdf The Amarna Succession], ''Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane,'' University of Memphis, 2007.</ref> Akhenaten, the "heretic pharaoh," replaced Egypt's traditional [[polytheism]] with the monotheistic cult of [[Aten]]. Tutankhamun restored polytheism and the cult of Amun.

[[Image:Tut_mask.jpg|right|thumb|The funeral mask of Tutankhamun]]'''Tutankhamun''', or '''King Tut''', was a [[pharaoh]] of [[Egypt]]'s 18th dynasty who reigned from 1336-1327 [[B.C.]] There has been much controversy over his lineage over the years. Tut was most likely the son of Smenkhkare, his immediate predecessor as pharaoh. Smenkhkare was a brother of [[Akhenaten]] who ruled briefly in 1336 BC and may have been assassinated.<ref name=Allen>Allen, James, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120301142642/http://cassian.memphis.edu/history/murnane/Allen.pdf The Amarna Succession], ''Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane,'' University of Memphis, 2007.</ref> Akhenaten, the "heretic pharaoh," replaced Egypt's traditional [[polytheism]] with the monotheistic cult of [[Aten]]. Tutankhamun restored polytheism and the cult of Amun.

Tut was 10 or 11 when he came to throne.<ref name=Allen />

Tut was 10 or 11 when he came to throne.<ref name=Allen /> He married Ankhesenamun, a daughter of Akhenaten and [[Nefertiti]]. Meritaton, Tut's mother, was also a daughter of Akhenaten. On the paternal side, the royal couple were first cousins. On the maternal side, they were aunt and nephew. Both of their children were girls who were born prematurely and died immediately.<ref>[http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/tragedy-queen-ankhesenamun-sister-and-wife-tutankhamun-001555 The tragedy of Queen Ankhesenamun, sister and wife of Tutankhamun]</ref> Tut named army commander [[Horemheb]] as his successor. However, Horemheb was away on campaign when Tut died unexpectedly. Tut was 19 years old when he died.<ref name=Allen /><ref name=Hawas>Hawass, Z., Y. Gad, et al., "[http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=185393 Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family]" (2010), ''JAMA''.</ref> Ay, Tut's vizier, succeeded him as pharaoh.

Tut married Ankhesenamun, a daughter of Akhenaten and [[Nefertiti]]. Meritaton, Tut's mother, was also a daughter of Akhenaten. On the paternal side, the royal couple were first cousins. On the maternal side, they were aunt and nephew. Both of their children were girls who were born prematurely and died immediately.<ref>[http://www.ancient-origins.net/ancient-places-africa/tragedy-queen-ankhesenamun-sister-and-wife-tutankhamun-001555 The tragedy of Queen Ankhesenamun, sister and wife of Tutankhamun]</ref> Tut named army commander [[Horemheb]] as his successor. However, Horemheb was away on campaign when Tut died unexpectedly. Tut was 19 years old when he died.<ref name=Allen /><ref name=Hawas>Hawass, Z., Y. Gad, et al., "[http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=185393 Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family]" (2010), ''JAMA''.</ref> Ay, Tut's vizier, succeeded him as pharaoh.

In the 19th dynasty, Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, Tut, and Ay were all treated as illegitimate rulers. Their names are omitted from the Abydos king list and an effort was made to remove all mention of them in records and on monuments. In 19th century, the history of this period was reconstructed by archeologists.

In the 19th dynasty, Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, Tut, and Ay were all treated as illegitimate rulers. Their names are omitted from the Abydos king list and an effort was made to remove all mention of them in records and on monuments. In 19th century, the history of this period was reconstructed by archeologists.